台达变频器在电梯行业的应用

本文主要讨论台达VL系列变频器在电梯行业中的应用,详细阐述苏州某电梯厂的调试控制过程。工程实践证明:台达VL系列变频器应用在电梯控制上能体现出良好调速性能和稳定性,值得行业推广。     

现代电梯变频器的技术要求

由于频率逆变器比普通驱动技术更加优越,异步电动机的变频控制系统已经广泛应用于曳引式电梯。本文将介绍现代变频器系统的原理,说明其典型性能及与电梯运行相关的功能。     

Non-neural BOLD variability in block and event-related paradigms

Block and event-related stimulus designs are typically used in fMRI studies depending on the importance of detection power or estimation efficiency. The extent of vascular contribution to variability in block and event-related fMRI-BOLD response is not known. With scaling, the extent of vascular variability in the fMRI-BOLD response during block and event-related design tasks was investigated. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast data from healthy volunteers performing a block design motor task and an event-related memory task requiring performance of a motor response were analyzed from the regions of interest (ROIs) surrounding the primary and supplementary motor cortices. Average BOLD signal change was significantly larger during the block design compared to the event-related design. In each subject, BOLD signal change across voxels in the ROIs had higher variation during the block design task compared to the event-related design task. Scaling using the resting state fluctuation of amplitude (RSFA) and breath-hold (BH), which minimizes BOLD variation due to vascular origins, reduced the within-subject BOLD variability in every subject during both tasks but significantly reduced BOLD variability across subjects only during the block design task. The strong non-neural source of intra- and intersubject variability of BOLD response during the block design compared to event-related task indicates that study designs optimizing for statistical power through enhancement of the BOLD contrast (for, e.g., block design) can be affected by enhancement of non-neural sources of BOLD variability.     

Diagnosis of lubricating oil by evaluating cyanide and carbon molecular emission lines in laser induced breakdown spectra

To prevent engine failure it is essential to change lubricating oil regularly before it loses its protective properties. It is also necessary to monitor the physical and chemical conditions of the oil to reliably determine the optimum oil-change intervals. The present work focuses on studying evolution of the cyanide (CN) and carbon (C₂) molecular spectral emission lines in the laser induced breakdown spectra of lubricating oil as a function of its consumption. The intensities of these molecular bands have been taken as indicator of engine oil degradation at certain mileage. Furthermore, the percentage of decay of CN and C₂ integral intensity values at the corresponding mileage was calculated in order to relate it to the degree of consumption of the motor oil. Such percentage decay of the CN and C₂ integral intensities have been found to increase gradually with increasing mileage which is accompanied with increasing depletion of engine oil. The results of using LIBS technique in the present measurements proved that it is possible to have a direct, straightforward and easy method for prediction of lubricating oil degree of consumption. This may facilitate scheduling the proper time and/or mileage intervals for changing the oil to avoid any possibility of engine failure.     

PWM驱动电机系统传导干扰等效电路模型

采用脉宽调制技术（PWM）驱动的电机系统通过功率变换器对电能进行变换和控制,使得电机系统的性能指标得到较大提高。但是由于功率变换器中的电力电子器件工作在开关状态,具有较大电压和电流变化率的功率脉冲信号产生很强的电磁干扰,对电机系统自身和周围环境产生很大影响。本文针对PWM变频器产生的电磁兼容问题,首先分析了PWM驱动电...     

基于电机温度时滞耦合系统的自抗扰控制研究

电机过热时会造成绕组绝缘降低,严重时会烧坏电机。由于电机温度存在较大的时滞性和耦合性,无法用准确的数学控制模型进行描述。传统的双通道PID控制算法降低了对电机温度的控制精度,导致电机过热。提出一种基于自抗扰控制算法（ADRC）的电机温度控制方法,以双通道PID控制方法为基础进行了改进,对内外扰动进行综合处理,对扩张状态观测器进行估计,并在反馈中引入非线性特性。利用Matlab平台模拟实验环境和实际电机,与传统的PID控制算法进行了仿真实验对比。结果表明,自抗扰控制算法能够有效的对电机温度进行解耦控制,实现了对电机温度的精确控制。     

基于myDAQ的直流电机PWM远程控制系统设计

提出了一种基于myDAQ的PWM远程控制直流电机调速与测量系统。采用LabVIEW开发平台,在上位机用图形化编程语言编制PWM控制信号,并通过myDAQ的模拟输出口将PWM信号送给直流电机驱动控制电路实现电机的调速,同时上位机启动、停止、转向等控制信号也通过myDAQ数字输出口送给驱动电路进而实现电机的起、停、转向控制。电机转速通过编码器测量并送至上位机,在上位机将会实时跟踪与显示电机运行状态以及PWM控制信号波形,利用LabVIEW的WEB发布技术将前面板发布至网络上进而实现运程控制。通过测试及分析,结果显示整个系统运行良好、稳定、实时性强。     

无刷直流电机在PWM调制下的研究

文章以无刷直流电机(BLDCM)双闭环调速系统为基础,分析脉宽调制(PWM)方式对三相六状态二二导通BLDCM控制系统的影响,提出了在PWM-ON-PWM(前30°和后30°进行PWM控制,中间60°保持恒通)方式下的转矩脉动补偿,并且将传统PI控制器用模糊PI控制取代。建立了仿真模型,采用Matlab/Simulink软件进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该控制不但能够完全消除非换相期间由于关断相出现电流而引起的电磁转矩脉动,还能够补偿由于换相而引起的转矩脉动。     

Neural control of vocalization: Respiratory and emotional influences

Previous research has shown that a region of the midbrain, the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), is critical for vocalization. In this review, we describe the results of previous investigations in which we sought to find out how PAG neurons integrate the activity and precise timing of respiratory, laryngeal, and oral muscle activity for natural-sounding vocalization using the technique of excitatory amino acid microinjections in cats. In these studies, all surgical procedures were carried out under deep anaesthesia. In the precollicular decerebrate cat two general types of vocalization, classified as voiced and unvoiced, could be evoked by exciting neurons in the lateral part of the intermediate part of the PAG. The patterns of evoked electromyographic activity were strikingly similar to previously reported patterns of human muscle activity. Coordinated patterns of activity were evoked with just-threshold excitation leading to the conclusion that patterned muscle activity corresponding to the major categories of voiced and voiceless sound production are represented in the PAG. In a parallel series of human and animal experiments, we also determined that the speech and vocalization respiratory patterns are integrated and coordinated with afferent signals related to lung volume. These data have led to the proposal of a new hypothesis for the neural control of vocalization: that the PAG is a crucial brain site for mammalian voice production, not only in the production of emotional or involuntary sounds, but also as a generator of specific respiratory and laryngeal motor patterns essential for human speech and song     

Brain oscillatory activity during motor imagery in EEG-fMRI coregistration

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the correlation between topographical changes in brain oscillatory activity and the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal during a motor imagery (MI) task using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) coregistration.