Pseudo-V2 control with adaptive compensation for fast-transient current-mode buck converter

A type of pseudo-V² control, with on-chip adaptive compensation to achieve fast transient (FT) response for current mode DC–DC buck converter, has been proposed and simulated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology in this paper. Based on a new on-chip capacitor multiplier, adaptive compensation is achieved by making the compensation capacitance to track the load current. The proposed pseudo-V² control utilizes the output ripple to determine the duty cycle during load transient. Thus the overshoot/undershoot voltage and the transient recovery time are effectively reduced. Simulation results demonstrate the transient ripple is smaller than 50 mV and the transient recovery time is shorter than 10 μs for a 450 mA load current step. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 94.6% at 1 MHz switching frequency when input and output voltages are 5 V and 1.8 V, respectively.     

基于STM8S的室内甲醛检测系统设计

针对目前越来越严重的室内甲醛污染问题,设计了以STM8S为控制核心的便携式室内甲醛检测系统。该系统创造性地设计了一种基于减法器的硬件抗干扰电路,克服了以往甲醛电化学传感器检测设计电路中,采用温、湿敏电阻对传感器温、湿度系数进行补偿所造成的测量精度不足问题,并结合采样滤波算法和拉格朗日插值算法对采集的数据进行软优化。系统具有甲醛浓度阈值设定与超限报警功能,温度、湿度、万年历显示等辅助功能,真正实现了便携式与智能化的结合。实验结果证明,该系统在实际应用中具有较高的灵敏度、准确度、操作简单、性价比高等特色,还可推广应用于其他需要对甲醛浓度进行检测的场合。     

一种应用于硅基OLED微显示驱动芯片的负压DC-DC变换器的设计

设计了一款应用于硅基OLED微显示驱动芯片的Cuk型DC-DC变换器,用于给硅基OLED的公共阴极提供负电压,输出电压范围为0~-4V,可以实现动态可调。Cuk变换器采用单周期和III型补偿的混合控制方式,使电路获得了良好的抗输入扰动性和负载调整率。该变换器使用0.35μm CMOS工艺模型进行设计,工作在2 MHz开关频率。仿真结果显示,在150mA负载跳变时,瞬态恢复时间为24μs,过冲电压为33.47 mV,同时负载调整率为0.003 mV/mA,输出电压的纹波小于5mV。     

320 Gbit/s光时分复用系统研究

针对高速率OTDM(光时分复用)系统中的一些关键技术问题,如时钟提取、时分解复用和色散补偿等,提出了8×40Gbit/s的OTDM系统技术方案。结果表明,通过选择合适的时钟提取方式和基于对称性色散位移光纤的色散补偿技术,能够实现在一个时隙内对每个信道的40 Gbit/s归零码信号的解复用,且解复用后的信号质量较好。该系统实现了320Gbit/s OTDM通信。     

一种新型具有温度补偿功能的光纤光栅交流电流互感器

为了消除温度对实现电流测量的影响,提出了一种具有温度补偿 功能的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)交流电流互感器。利用两个FBG和超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)组成的 传感单元分别放置在两个相邻对称的铁磁回中,并加上两个方向相反的直流偏置磁场,利用 匹配检测方法对两只FBG进行解调,实现交流的测量。测量结果表明,在温度的影响下,系 统的静态工作点几乎未发生变化,在线性区测得最大电流为93.78A , 可获得1.68%的满量程精度。这种FBG电流传感器不仅可以测量交流电 流,也可以实现直流电流的测量。     

基于支持向量机的光寻址电位传感器温度补偿研究

针对光寻址电位传感器(LAPS,light addressable potentiometric sensor)测量精度易受温度 影响的问题,提出一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的LAPS温度补偿方法。根据在多温度条件下LAP S传感 器对缓冲液pH的实测数据,利用SVM建立LAPS温度补偿模型,通 过核函数把LAPS输出饱和光电流与温度间的非线性关系映射到高维特征空间,在高维空间中 用线性回归实 现该映射的非线性处理,对LAPS的温度特性进行非线性逼近,补偿温度对LAPS输出的影响。 实验结果表 明,在(20±1)、(20±2)和(20±5) ℃温度变化情况下,经过温度补偿后LAPS系统输出 pH的标准偏差 分别为补偿前的1/3、1/4和1/6,均小于0.05pH,LAPS 温度补偿算法可以明显补偿温度影响,提高LAPS的测量精度。     

Study of the Molecular Mobility in Polymers with the Thermally Stimulated Recovery Technique—A Review

Thermally stimulated recovery (TSR) is a non‐conventional mechanical spectroscopy technique that allows to analyse in detail the relaxation processes of polymeric systems in the low frequency region. This work reviews the main aspects and potentialities of this technique. The different kinds of TSR experiments that can be performed, global and thermal sampling (TS) experiments, are described and illustrated with several examples. Also, the different methods for the determination of the thermokinetic parameters (activation energy and pre‐exponential factor) of the thermal sampling (TS) procedure are explained and compared. In this context, the compensation phenomenon, which always appears in TSR results when the studies are performed in the glass transition region of a given system, is discussed. Examples of the application of this technique to different polymeric systems during the last 20 years are provided. An emphasis will be made on the analysis of the effect of crystallinity degree and crosslink density on the TSR response. A comparison between the results (characteristic times and activation energies) obtained by different techniques, namely TSR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is made.     

Banana-shaped mesogens: effect of lateral substituents on seven-ring esters containing a biphenyl moiety

The synthesis and characterization of five homologous series of symmetrical compounds composed of banana-shaped molecules containing a biphenyl moiety are reported. All these compounds are non-Schiff's bases and are esters. The effects of lateral substituents such as fluoro, methyl and ethyl in the side arms of these molecules are examined. These substituents have a strong influence in reducing the clearing temperatures. Banana phases such as B1, B2 and B6 were observed in the above series of compounds. The mesophases were characterized by a combination of polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electro-optic studies.     

Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation Combined with Cohesive Free‐Energy Densities for Tuning the Melting Temperatures of Cyanobiphenyl Derivatives

This work illustrates how minor structural perturbations produced by methylation of 4′‐(dodecyloxy)‐4‐cyanobiphenyl leads to enthalpy–entropy compensation for their melting processes, a trend which can be analyzed within the frame of a simple intermolecular cohesive model. The transformation of the melting thermodynamic parameters collected at variable temperatures into cohesive free‐energy densities expressed at a common reference temperature results in a novel linear correlation, from which melting temperatures can be simply predicted from molecular volumes.     

Wild-type and molten globular chorismate mutase achieve comparable catalytic rates using very different enthalpy/entropy compensations

The origin of the catalytic power of enzymes with a meta-stable native state,e.g.molten globular state,is an unsolved challenging issue in biochemistry.To help understand the possible differences between this special class of enzymes and the typical ones,we report here computer simulations of the catalysis of both the well-folded wild-type and the molten globular mutant of chorismate mutase.Using the ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical minimum free-energy path method,we determined the height of reaction barriers that are in good agreement with experimental measurements.Enzyme-substrate interactions were analyzed in detail to identify factors contributing to catalysis.Computed angular order parameters of backbone N–H bonds and side-chain methyl groups suggested site-specific,non-uniform rigidity changes of the enzymes during catalysis.The change of conformational entropy from the ground state to the transition state revealed distinctly contrasting entropy/enthalpy compensations in the dimeric wild-type enzyme and its molten globular monomeric variant.A unique catalytic strategy was suggested for enzymes that are natively molten globules:some may possess large conformational flexibility to provide strong electrostatic interactions to stabilize the transition state of the substrate and compensate for the entropy loss in the transition state.The equilibrium conformational dynamics in the reactant state were analyzed to quantify their contributions to the structural transitions enzymes needed to reach the transition states.The results suggest that large-scale conformational dynamics make important catalytic contributions to sampling conformational regions in favor of binding the transition state of substrate.