Immobilization of single-strand specific nuclease (S1 nuclease) fromAspergillus oryzae

S1 nuclease fromAspergillus oryzae (EC 3.1.30.1) was coupled to gelatin-alginate composite matrix using the residual free aldehyde groups on the surface of glutaraldehyde crosslinked matrix. The immobilized enzyme retained approximately 10% activity of the soluble enzyme. When partially purified enzyme was bound to the matrix, the immobilized preparation did not show any detectable enzyme activity. However, the activity could be restored when the coupling was carried out in the presence of a coprotein or substrate. The optimum pH of the immobilized S1 nuclease shifted to 3.8 from 4.3 for the soluble enzyme. Also, optimum temperature increased to 65°C after immobilization. Bound S1 nuclease showed increased pH and temperature stabilities. Immobilization brought about a twofold decrease in the Michaelis-Menton constant (K _m).     

Excess molar enthalpies for binary liquid mixtures of furfural with some aromatic hydrocarbons

The excess molar enthalpies H _m ^E for the binary mixtures of furfural with the aromatic hydrocarbons namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m-, and p-xylenes were determined at 35°C. The values for all the mixtures studied are positive over the entire range of composition and follow the order: o-xylene>m-xylene>ethylbenzene>p-xylene>benzene>toluene. The results are discussed in terms of the unlike specific interactions present in the binary mixtures.     

Analytical Model for the Piecewise Linearly Graded Doping Drift Region in LDMOS

提出了体硅LDMOS漂移区杂质浓度分布的一种二维理论模型,根据该模型,如果要使带有场极板的LDMOS得到最佳的性能,那么LDMOS漂移区的杂质浓度必须呈分段线性分布.用半导体专业软件Tsuprem-4和Medici模拟证明了该模型十分有效,根据该模型优化得到的新型LDMOS的击穿电压和导通电阻分别比常规LDMOS增加58.8%和降低87.4%.     

Suppressing one‐bond homonuclear 13C,13C scalar couplings in the J‐HMBC NMR experiment: application to 13C site‐specifically labeled oligosaccharides

Site‐specific ¹³C isotope labeling is a useful approach that allows for the measurement of homonuclear ¹³C,¹³C coupling constants. For three site‐specifically labeled oligosaccharides, it is demonstrated that using the J‐HMBC experiment for measuring heteronuclear long‐range coupling constants is problematical for the carbons adjacent to the spin label. By incorporating either a selective inversion pulse or a constant‐time element in the pulse sequence, the interference from one‐bond ¹³C,¹³C scalar couplings is suppressed, allowing the coupling constants of interest to be measured without complications. Experimental spectra are compared with spectra of a nonlabeled compound as well as with simulated spectra. The work extends the use of the J‐HMBC experiments to site‐specifically labeled molecules, thereby increasing the number of coupling constants that can be obtained from a single preparation of a molecule. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EFFECTIVE SPECIFIC HEATS OF MULTI-PHASE THERMOELASTIC COMPOSITES

This paper studies the effective properties of multi-phase thermoelastic composites. Based on the Helmholtz free energy and the Gibbs free energy of individual phases, the effective elastic tensor, thermal-expansion tensor, and specific heats of the multi-phase composites are derived by means of the volume average of free-energies of these phases. Particular emphasis is placed on the derivation of new analytical expressions of effective specific heats at constant-strain and constant-stress situations, in which a modified Eshelby’s micromechanics theory is developed and the interaction between inclusions is considered. As an illustrative example, the analytical expression of the effective specific heat for a three-phase thermoelastic composite is presented.     

Screening of exon methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancer via LC‐MS/MS strategy

The identification of biomarkers would be of benefit for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. DNA methylation in specific genomic regions, which had shown strongly association with disease genotypes, was an effective indicator to reveal the occurrence and development of cancers. To screen out methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), genomic DNA was isolated from colorectal cancerous and corresponding cancer‐adjacent tissues collected from 30 CRC patients and then bisulfite‐converted. The exon regions of 5 targeted genes (CNRIP1 , HIC1 , RUNX3 , p15 , and SFRP2 ) were amplified by using nested polymerase chain reaction with specific primers, and the amplicon was purified and hydrolyzed. The methylation levels of these specific regions were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results showed that 5 targeted exon regions were successfully amplified and confirmed by sequencing. The methodological validations indicated that LC‐MS/MS was highly sensitive and accurate. The methylation levels of CNRIP1 and RUNX3 were remarkably high in CRC tissues with statistical difference when compared with corresponding cancer‐adjacent individuals, while that of HIC1 , p15 , and SFRP2 had no difference between 2 subjects. These findings supported CNRIP1 and RUNX3 as potential DNA methylation biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and treatment, and our LC‐MS/MS approach exhibited great advantages in the identification of regional DNA methylation biomarkers.     

Effective medium representation and complex modes in 3D periodic metamaterials made of cubic resonators with large permittivity at mid-infrared frequencies

We review some of the techniques that lead to the effective medium representation of a three-dimensional (3D) periodic metamaterial. We consider a 3D lattice of lead telluride cubic resonators at mid-infrared (MIR) frequencies. Each cubic resonator is modeled with both an electric and a magnetic dipole, through a method called the dual dipole approximation. The electric and magnetic polarizabilities of a cubic resonator are computed via full-wave simulations by mapping the resonator's scattered field under electric/magnetic excitation only to the field radiated by an equivalent electric/magnetic dipole. We then analyze the allowed modes in the lattice, with transverse polarization and complex wavenumber, highlighting the attenuation that each mode experiences after one free space wavelength. We observe the presence of two modes with low attenuation constant, dominant in different frequency ranges, able to propagate inside the lattice: this allows the treatment of the metamaterial as a homogeneous material with effective parameters, evaluated by using various techniques. We then show that the metamaterial under analysis allows for the generation of artificial magnetism (i.e., relative effective permeability different than unity, including negative permeability with low losses) at MIR frequencies.     

About different types of water in swollen polyelectrolyte multilayers

The review addresses swelling of polyelectrolyte multilayers in water. Different models for the determination of the water content are compared. It is clearly shown that voids under dry conditions present cavities for water which contribute to the water content of the multilayer in the swollen state. This so-called “void water” does not lead to any changes in thickness but in scattering length density during swelling. The “swelling water” leads to both changes in scattering length density and in thickness. Depending on the preparation conditions like the type polymers, polymer charge density, ionic strength and type of salt the ratio of “void water” differs between 1 and 15 vol.% while the amount of “swelling water” is of several ten's of vol.%.     

Characterization of an Algerian diatomite by inverse gas chromatography: Specific and non-specific contribution and Lewis acid–base parameters

The fundamental understanding of the behavior of a solid is intimately related to the understanding of the interactions on the surface of the latter, a major challenge in particular if the material is natural and ecological. The infinite dilution-inverse gas chromatography was used to evaluate the surface thermodynamic properties of several phases (grafted and/or coated) diatomite. A series of non- or polar-solute probes were injected at temperatures of 45?°C and 90?°C. The dispersive surface free energies values of the supports decrease with increasing temperature and their active surface is amphoteric with predominantly acidic character.     

Investigation of a UV-laser generated waveguide in a planar polymer chip using an improved interferometric method

Polymeric integrated-optical waveguides are prepared in a planar polymer chip by UV-laser lithographic methods. The waveguide samples are irradiated by an excimer laser at a wavelength Λ=248 nm with various irradiation parameters (different fluencies and irradiation doses). Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed and the refractive index depth profiles of the waveguide samples are obtained. This profile covers two regions having exponential and Gaussian shapes. The model field distributions strongly depend on the refractive index of each region. The mode field distribution and the effective mode indices for each region have been calculated on the basis of a theoretical model and the experimentally measured data.