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951.
Karim Adil Gilles Dujardin Marc Leblanc Vincent Maisonneuve 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2004,125(11):1709-1714
Tren amine cations and carbonate anions adopt a ternary symmetry while tetra amine cations are tetrahedral. The symmetry of these constitutive ions influences strongly the nature of the solids which crystallise from solutions. Large fluorinated aluminate polyanions with tetrahedral symmetry appear in the presence of tren amine, while infinite chains of AlF6 octahedra are observed with tetra amine and that noncentrosymmetric structures are frequently encountered in rare earth fluoride carbonates. 相似文献
952.
Farhat A Fabiano-Tixier AS Visinoni F Romdhane M Chemat F 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(47):7345-7350
Without adding any solvent or water, we proposed a novel and green approach for the extraction of secondary metabolites from dried plant materials. This "solvent, water and vapor free" approach based on a simple principle involves the application of microwave irradiation and earth gravity to extract the essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Microwave dry-diffusion and gravity (MDG) has been compared with a conventional technique, hydrodistillation (HD), for the extraction of essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Essential oils isolated by MDG were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained by HD, but MDG was better than HD in terms of rapidity (45min versus 300min), energy saving, and cleanliness. The present apparatus permits fast and efficient extraction, reduces waste, avoids water and solvent consumption, and allows substantial energy savings. 相似文献
953.
A simple, cost effective, and yet sensitive sample preparation technique was investigated for determining Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in solid samples. The method comprises ultrasonic extraction, Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), and thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to increase analytical capacity in laboratories. This method required no clean-up, satisfied PAHs recovery, and significantly advances cost performance over conventional extraction methods, such as Soxhlet and Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). This study evaluated three operational parameters for ultrasonic extraction: solvent composition, extraction time, and sample load. A standard material, SRM 1649 a (urban dust), was used as the solid sample matrix, and 12 priority PAHs on the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) list were analyzed. Combination of non-polar and polar solvents ameliorated extraction efficiency. Acetone/hexane mixtures of 2:3 and 1:1 (v/v) gave the most satisfactory results: recoveries ranged from 63.3% to 122%. Single composition solvents (methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane) showed fewer recoveries. Comparing 20 min with 60 min sonication, longer sonication diminished extraction efficiencies in general. Furthermore, sample load became a critical factor in certain solvent systems, particularly MeOH. MAE was also compared to the ultrasonic extraction, and results determined that the 20-min ultrasonic extraction using acetone/hexane (2:3, v/v) was as potent as MAE. The SBSE method using 20 mL of 30% alcohol-fortified solution rendered a limit of detection ranging from 1.7 to 32 ng L−1 and a limit of quantitation ranging from 5.8 to 110 ng L−1 for the 16 US EPA PAHs. 相似文献
954.
Thirteen phases are now evidenced in the composition space diagram of the Al(OH)3–tren–HF–ethanol system at 190 °C. Solvothermal syntheses are performed under microwave heating. Six new organic–inorganic fluorides crystallise and their structures are determined: (H3O)·[H4tren]2·(AlF6)3·6H2O (P-1, Z = 2), [H3tren]2·(AlF5(H2O))3·8H2O (C2/c, Z = 8), [H3tren]4·(AlF6)2·(Al2F11)·(F)·10H2O (P21/n, Z = 2), [H3tren]2·(Al4F18)·3.5H2O (P63, Z = 2), [H3tren]2·(Al4F18) (P-1, Z = 1), and [H3tren]4·(Al8F35)·(OH)·H2O (P-1, Z = 1). The existence domains are approximately located for all phases. Tren amine is tetraprotonated at high HF concentration, otherwise it is triprotonated. A protonated water cluster, H3O+(H2O)6, appears in (H3O)·[H4tren]2·(AlF6)3·6H2O while a new Al4F18 unit, found in [H3tren]2·(Al4F18), is evidenced; it results from corner and edge sharing association of four AlF6 octahedra. Finally, the structure of [H3tren]4·(Al8F35)·(OH)·H2O revealed the largest known fluoroaluminate polyanion, built from eight vertex sharing AlF6 octahedra, (Al8F35)11−. 相似文献
955.
Freitas LS Von Mühlen C Bortoluzzi JH Zini CA Fortuny M Dariva C Coutinho RC Santos AF Caramão EB 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(14):2860-2865
In this work the higher peak capacity and resolution of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) has been successfully applied, for the first time, to tentatively identify several polar organic compounds of organic extracts of aqueous phases resulting from microwave demulsification process of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Results have shown that higher temperatures and longer exposure time to microwave irradiation produced water phases with a wider variety of polar organic compounds. The microwave process showed to be suitable for the extraction of several polar compounds classes of petroleum. The proposed microwave extraction method and GCxGC identification of polar compounds of petroleum samples are of practical interest for the petrochemical industry due to corrosion and related problems associated with these polar compounds in refinery equipments. The GCxGC/time-of-flight MS technique shows to be very important in the total separation of different classes of compounds and allows the identification of many compounds in these classes. 相似文献
956.
A two-step, one-pot microwave (MW) assisted fluorination of 1-arylethanones to their corresponding 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones has been developed. The first step utilises Selectfluor™ as a fluorinating agent in methanol forming 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones and their corresponding dimethyl acetals. In the second step, water is added and Selectfluor™ acts as a Lewis acid in the hydrolytic cleavage of the dimethyl acetals. Compared to the thermal synthesis, the MW assisted method leads to a reduction in reaction time both in the fluorination and for the dimethyl acetal cleavage. Moreover, the one-pot procedure reduces reagent and solvent consumption. The method is best suited for the preparation of 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones containing substituents that deactivates electrophilic aromatic substitution, however highly electron deficient ketones such as 1-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)ethanone reacts more slowly. Reactions using electron rich aromatic ketones had a low regioselectivity, and also produced fluoroaromatic products. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
有序介孔材料H6P2W18O62/TiO2(Brij-76)的制备与微波增强光催化降解一氯苯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用非离子表面活性剂C18H37(OCH2CH2)10OH(Brij-76)作为模板剂, 在以杂多酸H6P2W18O62对TiO2掺杂改性基础上, 通过模板-溶胶-凝胶-程序升温溶剂热一步法在较低温度下制备了有序复合介孔材料H6P2W18O62/TiO2(Brij-76). 通过傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱, X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 能量色散X射线(EDX), N2吸附-脱附测定和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 以非离子表面活性剂Brij-76为模板剂制得的复合材料H6P2W18O62/TiO2(Brij-76)平均孔径约为3.31 nm, BET比表面积为99.78 m2·g-1. 与TiO2相比, 其孔径有序性大幅度提高, 粒子的聚集度降低, 表面酸性显著增加. 微波增强光催化性能研究结果显示, H6P2W18O62/TiO2(Brij-76)在微波作用下催化活性更高, 可有效地降解一氯苯溶液. 相似文献
960.
Qing Han Li 《中国化学快报》2009,20(7):793-796
Six new asymmetric thiocarbonohydrazones 3a-3f were synthesized from following steps:firstly hydrazine hydrate reacted with carbon disulfide to form thiocarbonohydrazide(1) under microwave irradiation.Then compound(1) reacted with ketone and different aldehydes step by step to give 3a-3f with excellent yields under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation.Their structures have been determined by elemental analysis,IR,MS and ~1H NMR data. 相似文献