基于机器学习主用户发射模式分类的蜂窝认知无线电网络频谱感知

近年来,基于机器学习(ML)的频谱感知技术为认知无线电系统提供了新型的频谱状态监测解决方案。利用蜂窝认知无线电网络(CCRN)中的次级用户设备(SUE)所能提供的大量频谱观测数据,该文提出了一种基于主用户(PU)传输模式分类的频谱感知方案。首先,基于多种典型的ML算法,对于网络中的多个主用户发射机(PUT)的传输模式进行分类辨识,在网络整体层面上确定所有PUT的联合工作状态。然后,网络中的SUE根据其所处地理位置或者频谱观测数据,判断其在当前已判定的PUT发射模式下接入授权频谱的可能性。由于PUT在网络中的实际位置可能事先已知或者无法提前确定,该文给出了3种不同的处理方法。理论推导与实验结果表明,所提方案与传统的能量检测方案相比,不仅改善了频谱感知性能,还增加了蜂窝认知网络对于授权频谱的动态访问机会。该方案可以作为蜂窝认知无线电网络中的一种高效实用的频谱感知解决方案。

     

认知相对论——通向强人工智能之路

人工智能(AI)的发展如火如荼,大有超越人类之势,以致很多人认为奇点就要来临,强人工智能即将实现。这是一种对强人工智能的误解,因为强人工智能的核心并不在于其功能是否强大,而在于它是否具有意识。该文首先解释了强人工智能的内涵,讨论了与之相关的意识问题;然后,阐述了旨在揭开意识奥秘的认知相对论思想,包括：世界的相对性原理和符号的相对性原理,以及世界、语言和心灵的关系。接着,提出了另一条新原理,即意识的等效原理,用以说明意识从物质产生所需要的物理条件,解决主观体验或现象意识的困难问题,推导意识能力受限于感觉能力且以感觉容量为上界的认知基本定理,并分析意识在哪里和自我是什么的可能性。最后,在认知相对论的框架下,给出了研究意识问题的新纲领和实现机器意识的新思路,并展望了强人工智能的未来。     

An infrared small target detection algorithm based on high-speed local contrast method

Small-target detection in infrared imagery with a complex background is always an important task in remote sensing fields. It is important to improve the detection capabilities such as detection rate, false alarm rate, and speed. However, current algorithms usually improve one or two of the detection capabilities while sacrificing the other. In this letter, an Infrared (IR) small target detection algorithm with two layers inspired by Human Visual System (HVS) is proposed to balance those detection capabilities. The first layer uses high speed simplified local contrast method to select significant information. And the second layer uses machine learning classifier to separate targets from background clutters. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm pursue good performance in detection rate, false alarm rate and speed simultaneously.     

自组织和自稳定的视觉模式学习系统

本文利用多层前馈式的Ｎｅｏｃｏｇｎｉｔｒｏｎ网络和自适应共振ＡＲＴ网络研制了一种自组织和自稳定的视觉模式学习系统ＡＲＴ２－Ｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｒ，它对模式在视野中的缩小、放大、平移具有较好的容忍能力。     

晶片传输系统中切边探测和预对准技术

介绍投影光刻机设备的晶片传输系统中切边探测和晶片预对准技术。     

一种带有学习功能的黑表格处理系统

本文提出了一种具有学习功能的快速表格处理系统，该系统首先输入样本表格，经机器学习后，自动得出判别表格框架线 判别准则参量，进而自动获取表格框架及背景信息的几何结构分布信息。本系统采用明输入与表格处理同步进行，具有表格信息自学习功能，并指导同类表格在线连续处理，大大缩短了表格处理时间。     

Aspects of discrete mathematics and probability in the theory of machine learning

This paper discusses the applications of certain combinatorial and probabilistic techniques to the analysis of machine learning. Probabilistic models of learning initially addressed binary classification (or pattern classification). Subsequently, analysis was extended to regression problems, and to classification problems in which the classification is achieved by using real-valued functions (where the concept of a large margin has proven useful). Another development, important in obtaining more applicable models, has been the derivation of data-dependent bounds. Here, we discuss some of the key probabilistic and combinatorial techniques and results, focusing on those of most relevance to researchers in discrete applied mathematics.     

Rainfall forecasting by technological machine learning models

Accurate forecasting of rainfall has been one of the most important issues in hydrological research. Due to rainfall forecasting involves a rather complex nonlinear data pattern; there are lots of novel forecasting approaches to improve the forecasting accuracy. Recurrent artificial neural networks (RNNS) have played a crucial role in forecasting rainfall data. Meanwhile, support vector machines (SVMs) have been successfully employed to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. This investigation elucidates the feasibility of hybrid model of RNNs and SVMs, namely RSVR, to forecast rainfall depth values. Moreover, chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm (CPSO) is employed to choose the parameters of a SVR model. Subsequently, example of rainfall values during typhoon periods from Northern Taiwan is used to illustrate the proposed RSVRCPSO model. The empirical results reveal that the proposed model yields well forecasting performance, RSVRCPSO model provides a promising alternative for forecasting rainfall values.     

A machine vision system for inspection of keyboards

A machine vision system for automatic inspection of keyboards is described. The system verifies that each location on a keyboard contains the correct, properly oriented key and that the graphics are not badly distorted. The graphics are inspected on the top and front surface of keys that vary widely in color, contour, surface texture and graphic content. Economical solutions are presented to a number of problems related to the design of the system's mechanics, optics, illumination, data reduction, pattern location and graphics discrimination. Operating procedures for training and running the system are also presented along with preliminary results.     

基于离散曲波变换和支持向量机的掌纹识别方法

提出了一种基于离散曲波变换和支持向量机的掌纹识别方法.首先将所有掌纹样本图像和测试图像通过基于Wrapping的快速离散曲波变换进行分解,从而获得不同尺度、不同角度的曲波变换系数;掌纹重要特征信息包含在曲波变换分解系数中的低频系数中,因此将分解系数变换形成特征向量后作为特征参数送入支持向量机中进行学习训练;最后将训练好的支持向量机用于掌纹分类.基于香港理工大学Palmprint掌纹数据库进行了大量实验,实验结果证实所提方法的识别正确率相对优于小波变换方法和其它几种经典方法.