Metallothionein as a biomarker for mercury in tissues of rat fed orally with cinnabar

Cinnabar, as one of the most widely used mineral drugs in traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have prominent curative effects in clinical use for more than 2000 years. But the safety and toxicity of the drug has been under constant debate in clinic usage. Metallothionein (MT) contains about 30% of cysteine in the molecule, and plays an important detoxification role against heavy metals. In this study, it was used as a biomarker to assess mercurial accumulation in rats fed orally with cinnabar. After feeding rats with cinnabar by gastric gavage at different dosages and at different times, the distribution of heavy metals (including mercury, copper and zinc) and MT was investigated among rat tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, brain, testis and blood. Metals and MT determinations were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and a modified mercury saturation assay technique respectively. The results indicated that mercury was easily accumulated in the tissues of rats exposed to cinnabar, especially in kidney. For example: at a feeding dosage of 5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 4 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 13, 8.7, 21.6 and 26 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively; and at 2.5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 2 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 21, 2.1, 3 and 21 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively. In addition, mercury in kidney and liver of all cinnabar groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). A high positive correlation observed between MT concentrations and mercury levels in both liver and kidney (R² = 0.9299, P < 0.02 for liver; R² = 0.9923, P < 0.0008 for kidney) indicated that MT could be used as a biomarker for mercury in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SGIP扩展协议对通信层计费的处理

对SGIP扩展协议中的通信层计费进行处理,提供相应的指令、功能、要求。介绍了用户鉴权的定义．以及浆权的步骤。讲述3种不同的计费方式,并对计费进行分类,给出相关的字符。论述了消息在SMSC和SP之间传输时的路由选择。     

一种基于电话网络的家居智能报警系统

介绍了基于网络的家居智能监控系统的软、硬件设计方法。该系统可实现家居的火灾报警、非法入侵检测和报警等,还预留了其它报警接口。报警信号通过有线网络到小区监控中心,并通过电话网络向主人报警,也预留110报警功能。系统由单片机作为主控制器。给出系统的基本原理、组成框图和软件流程．详细描述了电话网络的接入方法和语音功能的实现。设计了系统的硬件电路,并实现了相应的软件编程。     

基于MT1389单芯片DVD机方案

对近年来市面上较流行的进口以及国产单芯片DVD系统的原理进行分析,为职业教育、生产、销售及售后服务提供理论参考。以长虹DVD588机型为样机,采用实验法,用示波器、数字电压表、数字万用表等测试仪器,对MT1389芯片及主要电路进行较为全面的测量。结果,单芯片DVD系统主电路板基本为贴片元件,电路功能完善,读盘能力强,并有丰富的音、视频输出端子。结论,基于单芯片组成的DVD整机系统,兼容性好,外形结构紧凑,功耗低,电路工作可靠性、稳定性高。     

基于智能手机平台高清语音的设计与实现

MT6572平台是由联发科公司推出的双核Cortex-A7主频1.0GHz的智能手机平台。该平台支持AMR-NB和AMR-WB语音编解码,支持双麦克风噪声消除算法等等。文章介绍了MT6572平台的语音性能特点和高清语音的具体要求,并提出了手机实现高清语音的设计要点。     

Optimization of the irradiation power in chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer experiments

In chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer imaging experiments, exchangeable solute protons are saturated and the transfer of saturation to water is subsequently detected. When the applied irradiation power is comparable to the resonance frequency difference between the water protons and saturated solute protons, the proton transfer (PT) efficiency is reduced due to concomitant direct saturation effects. In this study, the PT process is modeled using a two-pool system. An empirical general proton transfer ratio (PTR) equation for arbitrary RF irradiation power is derived, and its optimal power to maximize the PTR is analyzed. The results are confirmed experimentally on 4.7 T using a poly-L-lysine solution. The theory provides a useful tool for optimizing the irradiation power of the PT sequences in the presence of direct saturation effects.     

Advantages of using a modified orthogonal sampling configuration originally designed for LC-ESI-MS to couple CE and MS for the determination of antioxidant phenolic compounds found in virgin olive oil

A ThermoFinnigan sheath liquid flow capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry system designed for coupling via a co-axial interface was coupled through an adapted via an alternative, commercially available interface for orthogonal sampling. The affordable, reversible structural alterations made in the commercial LC-MS interface resulted in improved analytical performance.The results of a conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using a commercial co-axial source to determine antioxidant phenolic acids present in virgin olive oil, were compared with those obtained by using a modified orthogonal sampling position. In both cases, separations were done using a 10 mM ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide buffer solution at pH 10.0 and a constant applied voltage of 25 kV. The operating variables for the mass spectrometry interface were re-optimized for the modified orthogonal orientation. This allowed the sheath liquid, sheath gas flow rates and capillary voltage to be lowered with respect to the co-axial coupling configuration. In addition, the orthogonal sampling position provided a higher selectivity by effect of ion sampling excluding larger droplets—with an increased momentum along the axis—which were drained through the sink at the bottom of the ion source. Also, the new configuration facilitated sample ionization, improved electrospray stability and led to stronger signals as a result.The new system was validated in terms of precision (repeatability), linearity, and limits of detection and quantification. A comparison of the validation data with the results previously obtained by using a commercial co-axial configuration revealed the adapted orthogonal sampling position to provide better repeatability in both migration times and relative peak areas (<1% and 7% respectively with n = 15 replicates), a good linear range (with levels in the microgram-per-litre region) and lower limits of detection—especially for the compounds detected with the lowest sensitivity when co-axial ESI was used, as HFA, GEN, FER and VAN finding LOD among 24-3.0 μg L⁻¹ respectively.     

DTMF信号收、发芯片 MT8888原理及应用

MT8888芯片是MITEL公司采用CMOS工艺生产的一种低功耗、高集成度的DTMF信号收、发芯片，它可方便地与微机接口。文中介绍了MT8888的主要功能结构及控制指令，给出了它的具体应用电路。     

广义多载波CDMA技术研究

本文描述了几种不同的多载波CDMA技术 ,并将这几种技术统一成一种格式 ,这被称为广义多载波CD MA ,并给出了仿真结果     

基于MT8880的家庭自动报警终端的设计

本文论述了利用MT8880实现电话自动报警的基本原理,重点介绍了家庭自动报警终端的硬件与软件设计,并给出了硬件设计电路图和部分程序。