Analysis of microcystins by capillary zone electrophoresis coupling with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

In this paper, a rapid and effective method based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was established for the trace analysis of microcystin (MC) isomers in crude algae sample. The experimental conditions including the composition, acidity and concentration of buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and MS detection parameters were investigated in detail. A capillary separation system was as follows: a uncoated fused-silica capillary tube (50 μm i.d. × 90 cm), 40 mmol L⁻¹ ammonium acetate solution (pH 9.86) as running buffer, 25 kV as separation voltage, 20 kV × 3 s water first and 20 kV × 20 s for sample injection. Mass analysis was performed in ESI source, with sheath gas temperature 150 °C, sheath gas pressure 10 psi, and sheath gas flow 6 L min⁻¹. And sheath liquid was 7.5 mmol L⁻¹ acetic acid in 50% isopropanol-water (3 μL min⁻¹). Protonation and ammonium adduct molecular ions m/z 506.9 (MC-LR) and 532.0 (MC-YR) were used for the quantification of MCs. Under these conditions, two MCs were baseline separated within 9 min, the calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.11-10.0 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.16-10.5 μg mL⁻¹ for MC-LR and MC-YR, respectively. Meanwhile, limits of detection were 0.05 and 0.08 μg mL⁻¹ for MC-LR and MC-YR, respectively. The recoveries for the two MCs were in the range of 95.8-108%. The developed approach had been successfully applied to the analysis of MCs in crude algae samples.     

便于硬件实现的去隔行算法研究

在比较几种去隔行算法的基础上,提出了两种便于硬件实现的去隔行算法:边增强窗函数算法和综合中值滤波算法.前一种算法采用双滤波器结构,既保证了图像的清晰度又使其边界锐利,获得了较好的视觉效果.后一种算法综合了几种中值滤波算法的优势,克服了原来算法去隔行时的缺点.软件仿真表明,图像的测评效果良好.两种算法的硬件实现方便,成本较低,具有实用价值.     

K-Carrageenan Stimulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation: A Potential Factor for the Promotion of Bone Regeneration?

Current cell-based bone tissue regeneration strategies cannot cover large bone defects. K-carrageenan is a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide, that has been proposed as a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications. Whether κ-carrageenan can be used to enhance bone regeneration is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether κ-carrageenan has osteogenic potential by testing its effect on pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Treatment with κ-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased both MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading at 1 h. K-carrageenan (0.125–2 mg/mL) dose-dependently increased pre-osteoblast proliferation and metabolic activity, with a maximum effect at 2 mg/mL at day three. K-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased osteogenic differentiation, as shown by enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (1.8-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day four, and matrix mineralization (6.2-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day 21. K-carrageenan enhanced osteogenic gene expression (Opn, Dmp1, and Mepe) at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, κ-carrageenan promoted MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that κ-carrageenan is a potential osteogenic inductive factor for clinical application to enhance bone regeneration.     

A highly specific immunoassay for microcystin-LR detection based on a monoclonal antibody

Microcystins (MC) are cyanobacterial hepatotoxins responsible for animal-poisoning and human health incidents. Immunoassays provide a sensitive and fast means to detect these toxins, but cross-reactivity (CR) characteristic of different antibodies was variable. Here, we have produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody (Clone MC8C10) with highly specificity against the most frequent and most toxic variant of microcystins, MC-LR. MC8C10 is more specific against MC-LR among the reported antibodies before. The immunogen was synthesized from the modified MC-LR and bovine serum albumin (BSA). An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) with MC8C10 was established to detect the MCs in waters, which showed highly specificity with MC-LR, and have a detection limit for MC-LR 0.1 μg L⁻¹, the 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) for MC-LR was 1.8 ± 0.1 μg L⁻¹ and the quantitative detection range was from 0.3 to 10 μg L⁻¹. The [4-arginine] microcystins and the nodularin-R showed lower cross-reactivates (CR < 10%), and other MCs such as MC-LF and MC-LW are not recognized (CR < 10⁻⁴). The analysis results of real water samples with ic-ELISA showed that all the coefficients of variation were less than 15%, and the recovery was (100.3 ± 5.9)%. So the highly specific ic-ELISA will commendably suit for sensitive analysis for MC-LR in surface water as well as drinking water.     

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLEND FILMS

1. INTRODUCTION The extensive applications of block copolymer have been studied in detail due to their special molecular architecture and characteristic [1,2]. Recently, many studies including theoretical analysis and experimental techniques have addressed the polymer blend system of diblock copolymer/homopolymer [3~9]. An early investigation presented a quantitative analysis of homopolymer distributions in well-ordered copolymer microdomains through mixing polystyrene (PS) or poly methyl…     

MC34063 DC/DC转换控制电路测试方法概述

目前,DC/DC转换器广泛应用于远程及数据通信、计算机、办公自动化设备、工业仪器仪表、军事、航天等领域,涉及到国民经济的各行各业。文章以其中有一定代表性的MC34063电路为例,扼要介绍其电特性和用其构成的升压电路的测试方法,并解析其测试原理和升压电路设计中的注意事项,对DC/DC转换器的分析测试和量产测试提供一些借鉴。     

Am79C940网络接口控制器在MC68360系统中的应用

在以MC68360为核心的某型网络通信设备中,采用Am79C940作为网络接口。设计Am79C940和MC68360的接口硬件电路,使用MC68360的2个IDMA通道在中断控制方式下,分别从Am79C940收,发数据。通过建立中断服务例程和缓冲链表数据结构．设计实现了基于Nucleus操作系统的网络驱动程序。运行实测表明接口工作性能稳定可靠,满足实际应用要求。     

基于MC68单片机的避障车的设计与实现

设计并实现了一种基于MC68HC908QY4单片机的自主避障智能模型车系统。本系统采用Freescale公司的MC68HC908QY4单片机作为核心控制单元,使用红外传感器采集路况信息,并通过一定的转换电路将传感器采集的模拟信息转换成单片机能够识别的数字信号,以便于单片机分析处理。通过单片机对红外传感器检测信息的分析、判断,从而给出判断结果,并给相应端口数字信号,再经过相应驱动电路驱动相应传感器,以达到自动控制转向,改变行驶路径,绕过障碍物的目的,从而实现自主避障智能模型车的稳定避障。     

多径信道下辅助矢量接收机性能分析

研究了在直接序列码分多址(DS-CDMA)系统中,多径环境下一种基于RAKE结构的辅助矢量接收机。该接收机在收集多径信号的同时抑制系统中的多址干扰,从收集的多径信号中估计出信道响应矢量,并利用估计出的信道响应矢量对多径信号进行合并,最后进行判决。仿真结果表明,辅助矢量接收机能够有效地去除DS-CDMA系统中的多址干扰,同时具备良好的抗多径衰落性能,误码性能明显优于RAKE接收机。