We study these rings with every minimal left ideal being a projective, direct summand and a p-injective module, respectively. Some characterizations of these rings are given, and the relations among them are obtained. With these rings, we characterize seinisiinple rings. Finally, we introduce MC2 rings, and give some characterizations of MC2 rings. 相似文献
Calculations on the H2CO ground state and excited states at the equilibrium planar geometry, using the single excitation MC SCF method, are described for two basis sets. The results obtained by a full calculation including all the electrons are compared with those obtained by a pseudopotential version of the method including only the valence electrons. The results agree quite well both with each other and with the observed values. 相似文献
This paper studies the structural and electrical properties of solid polymer blend electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with sodium iodide (NaI). The polymer electrolyte films were assembled through a solution casting technique. The host matrix, which is doped with different NaI salt concentrations between 10 and 50 wt%, utilizes the most amorphous blend compositions (60 wt% Polyvinyl alcohol and 40 wt% methylcellulose). The structural behaviour of the electrolyte films was examined utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. The semi crystalline nature of PVA:MC with inserted NaI was derived from the X-ray diffraction studies, while the XRD analysis suggests that the highest ion conductive sample displays the minimum crystalline nature. The interaction between polymer blends and inserted salt was conceived from the FTIR investigation. Shifting of peaks and variation in the intensity of FTIR bands was detected. To investigate the structural properties and calculate the degree of crystallinity of the films, the (XRD) technique was employed, while electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized for studying the conductivity of the samples. In order to comprehend all of the electrical properties of the ion-conducting systems, the EIS outcome of each electrolyte was matched with Equivalent Electrical Circuits (EEC) s. Ion transport parameters including mobility, carrier density and diffusion are well assessed for the samples and the dielectric properties were compared with the conductivity measurement. At lower frequencies, the dielectric constant was elevated and dielectric loss was detected. Loss tangent and electric modulus plots were used to study the relaxation nature of the samples. The highest ambient temperature conductivity of PVA loaded 50 wt% of NaI was determined to be 1.53 × 10−5 S/cm. The loss tangent relaxation peak shifts towards high-frequency side which indicates the decrease of relaxation time and faster ion dynamics. 相似文献
The authors examine properties of daunorubicin (DNR)‐loaded oil‐core multilayer nanocapsules prepared via layer‐by‐layer approach with different polyelectrolyte (PE) coatings such as a standard one (containing polysodium 4‐styrenesulphonate/poly(diallyldimethyl‐ammonium) chloride) and a polysaccharide‐based shell (dextran/chitosan), in regard to the outer layer of poly‐l ‐glutamic acid (PGA) grafted with polyethylene glycol (PGA‐g‐PEG). The nanocarriers are obtained on a cationic nanoemulsion template (stabilized by dicephalic‐type surfactant, N ,N‐bis[3,30‐(trimethylammonio)propyl]‐dodecanamide dimethylsulfate) and layered with the PE shell of different thicknesses resulting in average size of 150 nm in diameter (as shown by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy). The nanocapsules demonstrate efficient DNR encapsulation and its sustained release under physiological conditions or in the attendance of human serum albumin. The biocompatibility studies using colon carcinoma MC38 and macrophage P388D1 cell lines as well as human erythrocytes reveal that surface charge and outer PE layer type determine nanocarrier features that control their biological activity: protein adsorption, cellular internalization and localization, induction of apoptosis, and hemolytic activity. The investigations indicate that polysaccharide‐coated nanocapsules present a considerable potential for application as efficient DNR delivery systems in chemotherapy of colon cancer as an alternative to nanocarriers with PEG‐ylated shell.
Moisture condensation (MC) can occur in photovoltaic (PV) modules in hot and humid climates, and the resulting water droplets can cause more areas of corrosion. Therefore, in this study, MC history of PV modules exposed to Miami climate (FL, USA) has been derived employing corresponding meteorological data. The duration of MC versus temperature of PV module (Tmodule) was calculated over 1 year. Furthermore, five types of accelerated tests were conducted to develop a MC-induced degradation prediction model. The thermal activation energy, 0.4524 eV, was calculated. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model was used to predict the degradation rate. The accumulated degradation rate of a PV module exposed to the accelerated condition of MC was 1.45 times greater than that of damp heat (DH). The effect of encapsulant materials on the frequency of MC and accumulated degradation rate over 1 year were calculated in the Miami climate. 相似文献