Gas chromatographic conditions for the linearity of the relationship between σT,t and tR in open tubes

The linearity of the relationship between σ_T,t² and (1 + k)² is studied with the view of using it for the evaluation of GC equipment. Based on appropriate analytical expressions it is concluded that in general this relationship is not linear and that practical procedures for column evaluation should be developed that take this non-linearity into account.     

Small-angle X-ray study of air-dried elastoidin using three- and one- dimensional correlation functions obtained from slit-smeared intensity

In the present paper an isotropic sample of air-dried elastoidin has been studied considering it to be a non-ideal two-phase densely packed system after the theories by Vonk [1]. The relevant important physical parameters obtained for the sample areE, the width of the transition layer,D, the average periodicity transverse to the layers, S/V, the specific inner surface ₁ and ₂, the volume fraction of two phases, i. e. matter and void,l ₁ andl ₂ the transversal lengths,l _r, the range of inhomogeneity,l _c, the length of coherence and 2E/D, the volume fraction of the transition layer. The values ofE obtained by two approches as given by Vonk [1] and Ruland [2] show but a small difference indicating the correctness of the analysis.     

Practical capillary gas chromatography—a systematic approach

Capillary gc is now rapidly expanding. Naturally, initiation is most often attempted on the basis of the experience acquired with packed columns. However, such an extrapolation is successful only if a number of essential peculiarities of capillary gc are considered. Based on practical examples this paper discusses six essential details: 1) design and maintenance of the gas flow paths, 2) the greatly increased importance of sampling technique, which should not be confined just to stream splitting, 3) the problems in quantitative analysis arising from small sample size, 4) specific sources of trouble related to small amounts of liquid phase, 5) specific arguments for the choice of the carrier gas, clearly pointing to hydrogen as the ideal carrier and, 6) the different way to approach column production. Figures for all selected examples are given.     

Molecular structure and spectral properties of thionaphthalimides

The molecular structure and absorption spectra of monothio- and dithio-naphthalimides were compared to their naphthalimide analogues using AM1, PM3 and ZINDO/S semiempirical quantum chemical methods. The substitution of the 4R-naphthalimide oxygen atoms by sulphur atoms resulted in a red-shift of the absorption spectra by Δλ_max60-65 and 100-140 nm, respectively. The thionated naphthalimide derivatives do not show observable fluorescence due to intersystem crossing to the triplet -states localised at the CS groups. The -absorption bands of monothioimides are located at 525-580 nm (ε=60-80) and those for dithioimides at 535-560 nm (ε=140-390) and 628-686 nm (ε=34-68). None of these transitions are solvent sensitive. The -transitions of N-phenylthioimides have also a small contribution from -states due to a partial conjugation between CS group and π-electronic system of the N-phenyl ring. As a result, the bands of aromatic substituted N-phenylthioimides are red-shifted as compared to those of the aliphatic N-methyl-thioimides.     

Investigation of nu(N-H) and nu(C-N) stretching modes of propylamine (C3H7NH2) in a binary system C3H7NH2 + CH3OH via concentration dependent Raman study and ab initio calculations

Raman spectra of propylamine (C3H7NH2) and its binary mixtures, C3H7NH2 + CH3OH with varying mole fractions of the reference system, C3H7NH2, C were recorded in two widely apart wavenumber regions, 3100-3600 cm(-1) and 1225-1325 cm(-1). In the former region, the two Raman bands at approximately 3305 and approximately 3326 cm(-1), obtained after the line shape analysis, which were assigned to symmetric nu(N-H) and anti-symmetric nu(N-H) stretching modes, respectively, show a downshift upon dilution. However, whereas the nu(N-H) anti-symmetric mode shows a shift of 18.6 cm(-1), the nu(N-H) symmetric mode shows a much smaller shift (5.7 cm(-1)) between neat liquid and high dilution, C = 0.1. This aspect has been explained using the optimized geometries calculated employing ab initio theory (MP2 level) for the neat C3H7NH2 and its different hydrogen-bonded complexes. The linewidth versus concentration plot for the nu(N-H) anti-symmetric stretching mode, however exhibits a distinct maxima at C = 0.4, which has been explained as a slight departure from the concentration fluctuation model. In the latter region, a symmetric peak is observed, which corresponds to nu(C-N) stretching mode, which shows an upshift upon dilution and an almost linear concentration dependence. This has also been explained in terms of the parameters obtained from the optimized geometries of the different hydrogen-bonded complexes.     

五阶非线性作用下光纤中类明孤子的演化特性

根据含五阶非线性微扰修正项的非线性薛定谔方程,采用变分法,导出了光纤中类明孤子各参数随传输距离演化的方程组,研究了脉宽与距离、啁啾与脉宽之间的关系,并对描述相位和频率的方程组用龙格-库塔算法进行了数值求解.结果表明:五阶非线性使类明孤子的脉宽压缩,可在一定程度上抵消初始啁啾和三阶色散对脉宽的展宽作用;五阶非线性对类明孤子的相位和频率演化特性的影响不明显,因而适度的五阶非线性(γ在0.0001到0.1之间)有利于类明孤子的稳定传输.     

DC/DC变换器输入阶跃响应测试方法研究

介绍了DC/DC变换器输入阶跃响应的概念和测试原理,对该参数的测试技术进行了探索,开发出适合的测试方法和测试系统。通过产品的测试,验证了测试方法和测试系统的准确性。该测试方法符合SJ20646-97《混合集成电路DC/DC变换器测试方法》的规定。该测试方法和系统适用于大动态输入范围和大功率DC/DC变换器输入阶跃响应的测试。     

多尺度分析用于图像边缘的精确检测

图像中边缘往往存在于一个较宽的尺度范围内，边缘的定位精确性是衡量一个边缘检测算法性能的重要依据。众多算法中，引起较大关注的是M—H的二阶导数过零点检测和Canny的一阶导数最大值检测，但都存在各自的不足。本文提出将线性权重函数(LWF)作为平滑函数，并利用小波理论的多尺度分析方法，对图像边缘进行检测，其在定位精确性、噪声抑制能力方面均有较好性能。     

线形交叉模式识别算法的探讨

线形交叉大量存在于地图之中，能否正确地检测和有效地处理这些交叉现象，是地图自动识别技术的关键所在。文章针对地图中交叉的特点，提出了一种基于预测跟踪技术的线形交叉模式的检测和处理方法，通过超前扫描及旋转交叉检测框来有效地检测不同的交叉现象，根据交叉双方的轮廓特征，如线条粗细、纹理特点等识别和处理这些交叉现象。实验证明该算法处理效果良好。