Small molecules as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases

Cell division (mitosis) is one of the basic requirements for multicellular oranisms. The capability of a cell to replicate enables a complex assembly to be created. Faulty regulation of the control mechanism in the cell cycle leads to an excessive cell proliferation and is the cause of cancer. The key position of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their direct partners, as well as the fact that the majority of malign illnesses show defects in at least one of these key players of the cell cycle, is of great interest for the development of low-molecular-weight CDK inhibitors. In this Review an overview of the different structural classes of ATP-competitive inhibitors of CDKs are given, whose devlopment was aimed at battling cancer. The Review shows how far the development of selective CDK inhibitors has progressed and to what extent the expectations for such drugs have so far been fulfilled.     

On the Permanental Polynomials of Some Graphs

Let G be a simple graph with adjacency matrix A(G) and (G,x) the permanental polynomial of G. Let G × H denotes the Cartesian product of graphs G and H. Inspired by Kleins idea to compute the permanent of some matrices (Mol. Phy. 31 (3) (1976) 811–823), in this paper in terms of some orientation of graphs we study the permanental polynomial of a type of graphs. Here are some of our main results.1.If G is a bipartite graph containing no subgraph which is an even subdivision of K _2,3, then G has an orientation G ^e such that (G,x) = det (xI-A(G ^e )), where A(G ^e ) denotes the skew adjacency matrix of G ^e.2.Let G be a 2-connected outerplanar bipartite graph with n vertices. Then there exists a 2-connected outerplanar bipartite graph with 2n+2 vertices such that (G,x) is a factor of .3.Let T be an arbitrary tree with n vertices. Then , where ₁ , ₂ , ..., _n are the eigenvalues of T.     

Significance of a volcano relation of fajans for hydration energies

A volcano-shaped relation between heats of solution of a series of salts and the difference of hydration energy of the ions of the salt was noted by Fajans. This relation has a maximum when the difference of hydration energy of the cation and anion approaches zero. A rationalization of this type of relation is proposed on the basis of sums of reciprocal radii terms which represent the dependence of electrostatic hydration energy on ion size. The general trend of heats of solution with ionic size in series of salts with either a common cation or a common anion is discussed.     

“鱼”乐圈大揭秘

This article introduces the relationship between chemistry and fish farming, fish selling, and fish food. The nitrogen cycle process in fish ponds is introduced to explain the fish farming. "Yufuling" is used as the entry point to fish selling to connect food safety with chemistry. Fishy smell is explained from a chemical perspective for fish food. This paper aims at making a scientific explanation of life phenomena, deepening the consciousness of chemical life, helping people establish a correct view of chemical science, and inspiring youth to learn to use the knowledge that they have learned to explain life phenomena. This paper also tries to show the youth that life cannot be separated from chemistry, and chemistry cannot be separated from life.     

分解水制氢的KNO3—I2循环之研究：Ⅲ.代替电解反应的一个子循环

本文提出了一个硫酸中间盐子循环用以代替分解水制氢的KNO_3-I_2混合循环中的电解反应,从而使原混合循环变为一个纯热化学循环。     

硝酸镧对大鼠肝脏癌前病变发展的抑制作用及机制的初步探讨

研究硝酸镧对大鼠肝脏癌前病变的抑制作用及机制. 采用肝癌发生的短期动物模型, 连续用0.2, 10 mg·kg-1的La(NO3)3灌胃2个月后, 观察了不同剂量La(NO3)3对大鼠肝脏形态结构的影响, 免疫组化技术检测肝脏中细胞周期素D1和P16及PCNA的表达, 并做半定量分析. 同时取脾细胞进行淋巴细胞转化率试验. 结果表明, 0.2 mg·kg-1剂量硝酸镧组动物健康状况明显改善, 肝癌前病变程度明显减轻, cyclinD1, PCNA表达下降, P16表达上升, 淋巴细胞转化率升高. 提示低剂量硝酸镧具有一定阻抑肝癌前病变的作用.     

Environmental and economic comparison of waste solvent treatment options

The sustainable development and consumption need more efficient use of natural resources. As a consequence, the use of industrial solvents demands their recovery instead of end-of-pipe treatment. It is not always clear, however, which treatment alternative should be applied. Based on an industrial case study, the environmental and economic evaluation and comparison of the treatment alternatives of a non-ideal solvent mixture containing azeotropes is investigated for determining the preferable option. For the recovery of the industrial solvent mixture, two different separation alternatives are evaluated: a less effective alternative and a novel design based on hybrid separation tools. An end-of-pipe treatment alternative, incineration, is also considered and the split of the solvent mixtures between recovery and incineration is investigated. The environmental evaluation of the alternatives is carried out using ‘Eco-indicator 99 life-cycle impact assessment methodology’. Economic investigation is also accomplished. The economic features clearly favour the total recovery, however, the environmental evaluation detects that if a recovery process of low efficiency is applied, its environmental burden can be similar or even higher than that of the incineration. This motivates engineers to design more effective recovery processes and reconsider the evaluation of process alternatives at environmental decision making.     

Hamilton cycles in line graphs of 3-hypergraphs

We prove that every 52-connected line graph of a rank 3 hypergraph is Hamiltonian. This is the first result of this type for hypergraphs of bounded rank other than ordinary graphs.     

第II类双边拆卸线平衡问题建模与优化

报废汽车体积大,废弃物污染大,拆卸过程复杂,将作业任务均衡分配难。为此,本文对工作站数量确定的双边拆卸线平衡问题进行研究,建立问题数学模型,设计一种变邻域蛙跳算法。所提算法在寻优过程中采用变邻域搜索提高族群局部搜索效率;引入个体学习机制加快精英个体进化速度;提出基于二分法的节拍时间调整策略加快对最优节拍的搜索。最后,通过算例对算法性能进行验证并通过实例说明任务在拆卸线上平衡分配的重要性。     

Limit cycles of a class of Liénard systems derived from state-dependent impulses

Discontinuous phenomena, in which objects may behave continuously and sometimes discretely are not only found in nature and under laboratory conditions but also in simple, familiar contexts. For example, this phenomenon is skillfully incorporated into the internal structure of mechanical wristwatches. Unless an extremely small amount of state-dependent impulse is applied intermittently, the reciprocating rotational movement of the balance and hairspring, which is the heart of the mechanical wristwatch, cannot be maintained. The small amount of state-dependent impulse, which is often overlooked, can make a significant difference; however, very few studies have examined this subject. This study assumes the underlying cause of discontinuous behaviors as impulses generated when an object reaches a particular state, assuming that the continuous behavior follows the Liénard system, which is widely studied in the field of electrical circuits. The main theorem provides the conditions under which the effect of the impulses causes a stable limit cycle in the Liénard system, even if no limit cycle exists when there are no impulses. The Poincaré–Bendixson theorem for discontinuous dynamical systems and phase plane analysis are used to prove the main theorem. Several examples and their simulations are provided to illustrate the main theorem.