On the formation mechanism for electrically generated exciplexes in a carbazole–pyridine copolymer

Although carbazole‐containing copolymers are frequently used as hole‐transporting host materials for polymer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), they often suffer from the formation of undesired exciplexes when the OLED is operated. The reason why exciplexes sometimes form for electrical excitation, yet not for optical excitation is not well understood. Here, we use luminescence measurements and quantum chemical calculations to investigate the mechanism of such exciplex formation for electrical excitation (electroplex formation) in a carbazole–pyridine copolymer. Our results suggest that the exciplex is formed via a positively charged interchain precursor complex. This complex is stabilized by interactions that involve the nitrogen lone pairs on both chain segments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

An approach to the measurement of shunt resistance of individual subcells in thin‐film tandem devices

In this paper, the selective illumination approach is adopted to separately extract the shunt resistance of the individual subcells belonging to a tandem cell. The method relies on simple theoretical considerations and is based on the measurement of the current–voltage characteristic of the tandem cell by alternately keeping one of the subcells under dark conditions. Numerical simulations are employed to support the reliability of the technique, which is experimentally tested on micromorph devices deposited onto glass covered by a V‐shaped transparent conducting oxide and subject to different thermal treatments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION OF ADDRESSED AUDIO SIGNAL THROUGH GI MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBRES

This paper describes two types of bidirectional addressed audio signal transmission systems where the square-wave frequency modulation (SWFM) and intensity modulation (IM) are used to obtain the optical SWFM signals generated from LEDs at 850 nm. The first one is an addressed audio signal transmission network of tree structure. The sender and auxiliary receiver in the centre are connected to four terminals, each consisting of a receiver and an auxiliary sender, through pairs of optical fibres and an optical splitter used as an optical signal distributor. The second one is a new type of full-duplex one-to-one communication system. The sender and auxiliary receiver in one terminal are connected to the receiver and auxiliary sender in the other terminal through an optical fibre and a pair of directional couplers. Although LEDs in the second system deliver optical SWFM signals at the same wavelength of 850 nm at the same time, the communications are satisfactory because there is no interference from one LED to the other. In both the first and second experimental systems, the audio signal, address, and SWFM carrier occupy 10 Hz to 20 kHz, 65 kHz to 710 kHz, and 6 MHz, respectively. The SNR and distortion were 62 dB and 0.4 per cent, respectively.     

Studies in crystal structure and luminescence properties of Eu-doped metal tungstate phosphors for white LEDs

The correlation between the crystal structure and luminescent properties of Eu³⁺-doped metal tungstate phosphors for white LEDs was investigated. Red-emitting A_4−3x(WO₄)₂:Eu_x³⁺ (A=Li, Na, K) and B_(4−3x)/2(WO₄)₂:Eu_x³⁺ (B=Mg, Ca, Sr) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The findings confirmed that these phosphors exhibited a strong absorption in the near UV to green range, due to the intra-configurational 4f-4f electron transition of Eu³⁺ ions. The high doping concentration of Eu³⁺ enhanced the absorption of near UV light and red emission without any detectable concentration quenching. Based on the results of a Rietveld refinement, it was attributed to the unique crystal structure. In the crystal structure of the Eu³⁺-doped metal tungstate phosphor, the critical energy transfer distance is larger than 5 Å so that exchange interactions between Eu³⁺ ions would occur with difficulty, even at a high doping concentration. The energy transfer between Eu³⁺ ions, which causes a decrease in red emission with increasing concentration of Eu³⁺, appears to be due to electric multi-polar interactions. In addition, the Eu-O distance in the host lattice affected the shape of emission spectrum by splitting of emission peak at the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺.     

一种基于RGB三基色LED的白光光源

数字光源处理(DLP)投影技术是投影显示的一个重要分支,基于发光二极管(LED)照明技术的DLP投影显示技术则是目前DLP技术的一个重要发展方向。根据DLP投影显示技术的需要,对一种新型的LED混光光源进行了优化设计和仿真计算,得到了一种适合于为DLP微型投影机提供照明的LED混光光源。该混光光源可以提高LED光源的DLP微型投影机的光通量。     

高亮度白光LED用外延片的新进展

文章首先介绍了发光二极管（LED）的内量子效率、外量子效率的基本概念和提高量子效率的基本方法,接着对LED外延的结构和方法做了简要介绍.文章的第三和第四部分则着重介绍了提高内、外量子效率的外延方法,这些方法包括外延结构的优化,侧向外延生长,SiC和GaN衬底的生长,AlInGaN四元系有源区生长,非极性面、半极性面的外延,表面粗化结构生长,图形化二次外延结构.图形化蓝宝石衬底上的外延,提高载流子注入效率的结构和组分设计.文章的第五部分则介绍了基于可靠性和成本考虑的其他新型外延结构,第六部分介绍了提高LED     

一种新型的单色高亮度LED物屏

本介绍一种新型的单色LED物屏。该物屏具有成像清晰、造价低廉、制作方便的特点。     

基于单片机的LED旋转式显示屏设计

基于视觉暂留特性设计并制作了一个13点线阵LED模块的显示屏。该系统可实现中文字符的显示和动态特效显示,将STC89C52单片机与发光二极管模块固定在电机的旋转轴上通过电机的旋转带动模块转动,再利用单片机控制发光二极管的亮灭,最后利用人眼的视觉暂留,构造出一个旋转的LED显示屏。     

使用LED点光源实现均匀照明效果的要点探究

本文从感觉量化和光学理论的角度,对使用LED点光源实现均匀照明效果的要点进行了探究。