数字音频功率放大器产品及市场分析

通过对数字音频功率放大器的技术分析，探讨了相关产品的应用及推广价值，阐述了数字音频功率放大器产品的市场应用前景。     

Combination of virtual and experimental 2DE together with ESI LC‐MS/MS gives a clearer view about proteomes of human cells and plasma

Virtual and experimental 2DE coupled with ESI LC‐MS/MS was introduced to obtain better representation of the information about human proteome. The proteins from HEPG2 cells and human blood plasma were run by 2DE. After staining and protein spot identification by MALDI‐TOF MS, the protein maps were generated. The experimental physicochemical parameters (pI/Mw) of the proteoforms further detected by ESI LC‐MS/MS in these spots were obtained. Next, the theoretical pI and Mw of identified proteins were calculated using program Compute pI/Mw ( http://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/pi_tool‐doc.html ). Accordingly, the relationship between theoretical and experimental parameters was analyzed, and the correlation plots were built. Additionally, virtual/experimental information about different protein species/proteoforms from the same genes was extracted. As it was revealed from the plots, the major proteoforms detected in HepG2 cell line have pI/Mw parameters similar to theoretical values. In opposite, the minor protein species have mainly very different from theoretical pI and Mw parameters. A similar situation was observed in plasma in much higher degree. It means that minor protein species are heavily modified in cell and even more in plasma proteome.     

Low-voltage low-power FGMOS based VDIBA and its application as universal filter

This paper presents Floating gate MOS (FGMOS) based low-voltage low-power variant of recently proposed active element namely Voltage Differencing Inverting Buffered Amplifier (VDIBA). The proposed configuration operates at lower supply voltage ±0.75 V with the total quiescent power consumption of 1.5 mW at the biasing current of 100 µA. Further the operating frequency of the proposed VDIBA is improved by using the resistive compensation method of bandwidth extension in Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) stage of the block. By using resistive compensation method of bandwidth extension, the bandwidth of OTA stage increases from 92.47 MHz to 220.67 MHz. As an application, proposed FGMOS based VDIBA has been used to realize a novel resistorless voltage mode (VM) universal filter. The proposed universal filter configuration is capable of realizing all the standard filter functions in both inverting and non-inverting forms simultaneously without any matching constraint. Other important features include independently tunable filter parameters, cascadibility and low sensitivity figure. The proposed filter is tunable over the frequency range of 4.1 MHz to 12.9 MHz and is capable of compensating for process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variation. The simulations are performed using SPICE and TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameters with±0.75 V supply voltage to validate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit.     

Variable low-mass filtering using an electrodynamic ion funnel

An adjustable low-mass filter has been developed for an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to block ions associated with unwanted background species from entering the mass spectrometer. The low-mass filter is made by using an adjustable potential energy barrier from the conductance-limiting plate of an electrodynamic ion funnel, which prohibits species with higher ion mobilities from exiting the ESI source. We show that this arrangement provides a linear voltage adjustment for low-mass filtering from m/z 0 to 500. Mass filtering above m/z 500 is also performed; however, higher-mass species are attenuated. The mass filter was tested with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digest and resulted in the ability to block low-mass, background species, which accounted for 40-70% of the total ion current immediately behind the ESI source during peak elution and detection.     

基于H∞滤波的变权多通道数据融合方法研究

在对多通道定位数据进行数据融合中，采用H∞滤波可有效地解决各传感器数据误差模型不确定的滤波和状态估计问题。但由于数据采样时刻及精度的不一致性，对于多通道数据的融合应采用变权融合方式，以提高融合后数据的可靠性。该由此给出了一种基于H∞滤波的变权数据融合计算方法，通过对实测实时数据的仿真计算表明，其方法具有很好的实用性。     

船用武器捷联姿态基准系统快速传递对准方法研究

研究了一种改进的快速传递对准算法在船用姿态基准系统中的应用。这种改进利用了舰船主惯导系统角速率和速度信息，与子系统的捷联姿态基准系统的相应信息相匹配，通过卡尔曼滤波器提取从系统的误差估计量。针对船用的三种武器做了各种仿真，结果表明在40秒时间内对三个失准角的估计都能达到较高的精度。研究还表明，在传递对准滤波器中引入固定区域平滑算法对姿态误差估计的精度将有明显的提高。     

Determination and pharmacokinetics of [6]-gingerol in mouse plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This study describes the development of a rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay for the quantification of [6]‐gingerol in mouse plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study after dose ranging in mice. The assay involved a protein precipitation step with acetonitrile and an isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (80:20 v/v). The multiple reaction monitoring was based on the transition of m/z = 277.2 → 177.1 for [6]‐gingerol and 294.2 → 137.1 for nonivamide (internal standard). The assay was validated to demonstrate the specificity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability. The calibration curves were linear over the wide concentration range of 10–10,000 ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9988). The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL using a small volume of mouse plasma (20 μL). The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice after intravenous injection of [6]‐gingerol at 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg doses. The pharmacokinetics of [6]‐gingerol were linear over the dose range studied as demonstrated by the linear increase in area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC_inf) with no significant change in the systemic clearance (Cl_s), volume of distribution (V_ss) and elimination half‐life (t_1/2) as a function of dose. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卡尔曼滤波分光光度法同时测定钢样中的硅、磷、砷

研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,硅、磷、砷钼杂多酸与罗丹明6G形成离子缔合物的反应,建立了能同时测定硅、磷、砷的卡尔曼滤波分光光度法。用于钢样中微量硅、磷、砷的同时测定,操作简便快速,相对误差小于8％。     

Determination of faropenem in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitative detection method, using cefalexin as internal standard, was developed for the analysis of faropenem in human plasma and urine. After precipitation of the plasma proteins with acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column with 0.1% formic acid-methanol (45:55, v/v) and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. Calibration curves with good linearities (r=0.9991 for plasma sample and r=0.9993 for urine sample) were obtained in the range 5-4000 ng/mL for faropenem. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL. Recoveries were around 90% for the extraction from human plasma, and good precision and accuracy were achieved. This method is feasible for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic profiles of faropenem in humans, and to our knowledge, it is the first time the pharmacokinetic of faropenem has been elucidated in vivo using LC-MS/MS.     

超平面滤波算法在GPS/INS组合导航系统中的应用研究

针对GPS／INS组合导航系统的滤波算法误差较大，在对常用的卡尔曼滤波算法进行总结和分析的基础上，给出了卡尔曼滤波的本质，提出了一种利用超平面调整卡尔曼滤波器的方法。以GPS／INS组合导航系统为例进行了仿真，结果表明：该方法既能抑制滤波发散，又能提高滤波精度。