Cousin I condition and Stein spaces

Here we give a few n-dimensional extensions of a recent result of M. Abe concerning a Cousin I characterization of two-dimensional Stein manifolds.     

Analysis for some properties of discrete time Markov decision processes

This paper investigates properties of the optimality equation and optimal policies in discrete time Markov decision processes with expected discounted total rewards under weak conditions that the model is well defined and the optimality equation is true. The optimal value function is characterized as a solution of the optimality equation and the structure of optimal policies is also given.     

Cyberbullying,cyber aggression and their impact on the victim – The teacher

This paper focuses on the results of the national research of cyberbullying of Czech teachers, which was realized in year 2016 in the entire Czech Republic. The research focused on impact of cyberbullying on teachers – especially in emotional, physiological and behavioural area. The research involved a total of 5136 primary and secondary school teachers from all regions of the Czech Republic. The research has shown that a fifth of respondents (21.73%) has experienced a cyber-attack on their person, however cyberbullying during the last 12 months lasting over 1 week was confirmed only by 3.52% of the total number of respondents.     

A Cucurbit[8]uril 2:2 Complex with a Negative pKa Shift

A viologen derivative carrying a benzimidazole group ( V-P-I ²⁺; viologen–phenylene–imidazole V-P-I ) can be dimerized in water using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in the form of a 2:2 complex resulting in a negative shift of the guest pK_a, by more than 1 pH unit, contrasting with the positive pK_a shift usually observed for CB-based complexes. Whereas 2:2 complex protonation is unclear by NMR, silver cations have been used for probing the accessibility of the imidazole groups of the 2:2 complexes. The protonation capacity of the buried imidazole groups is reduced, suggesting that CB[8] could trigger proton release upon 2:2 complex formation. The addition of CB[8] to a solution containing V-P- I ³⁺ indeed released protons as monitored by pH-metry and visualized by a coloured indicator. This property was used to induce a host/guest swapping, accompanied by a proton transfer, between V-P-I ³⁺ ⋅ CB[7] and a CB[8] complex of 1-methyl-4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium. The origin of this negative pK_a shift is proposed to stand in an ideal charge state, and in the position of the two pH-responsive fragments inside the two CB[8] which, alike residues engulfed in proteins, favour the deprotonated form of the guest molecules. Such proton release triggered by a recognition event is reminiscent of several biological processes and may open new avenues toward bioinspired enzyme mimics catalyzing proton transfer or chemical reactions.     

Synthesis and structure of new chlorine containing calix[4]resorcinols

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Hydrothermal synthesis,thermal decomposition and optical properties of Fe2F5(H2O)(Htaz)(taz)(Hdma)

Crystal structure of Fe₂F₅(H₂O)(Htaz)(taz)(Hdma) which crystallizes in the triclinic system space group $\text{P}\overline{1}$ with unit cell parameters a = 8.8392(5) Å, b = 9.1948(5) Å, c = 9.5877(5) Å, α = 82.070(3)°, β = 63.699(3)°, γ = 89.202(3)°, Z = 2, and V = 690.91(7) ų, was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 393 K for 72 h, by a mixture of FeF₂/FeF₃, 1,2,4-triazole molecule (Htaz), and hydrofluoric acid solution (HF 4%) in dimethylformamide solvent (DMF). The main feature of this material is the coexistence of two oxidation states for iron atoms (Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺) in the unit cell, which associate by opposite fluorine corners of FeF₅N and FeF₂N₄ octahedra, and/or triazole molecule which originates the 2D produces material. The structure determination, performed from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, lead to the R₁/_WR₂ reliability factors 0.031/0.087. Thermal stability studies (TG/DTG/DTA) show that the decomposition provides in the temperature range 473–773 K and no mass loss was detected before 473 K. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been used. The optical absorption of the solid was measured at the corresponding λ_max using UV–vis diffuse-reflectance spectrum.     

Enhanced intrinsic stability of the bulk heterojunction active layer blend of polymer solar cells by varying the polymer side chain pattern

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have acquired huge attention over the past years as potential renewable energy sources, adding attractive features such as aesthetics, semi-transparency, flexibility, large area printability, improved low-light performance, and cost-effectiveness to the well-known Si-based photovoltaics. Steady improvements in OPV power conversion efficiencies are continuously reported, notably for bulk heterojunction solar cells based on conjugated polymer:fullerene blends. However, apart from efficiency and cost, the stability of organic solar cell devices is of particular concern. Among the different factors contributing to OPV instability, gradual loss of the optimum phase-separated nanomorphology of the photoactive layer blend is a critical parameter. In this paper, we present the results of ‘shelf-life’ accelerated lifetime tests performed for devices containing a range of functionalized poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) donor polymers upon prolonged thermal stress. By the incorporation of functional moieties on the side chains of P3HT-based copolymers, a remarkable improvement of the intrinsic stability of the active layer blend morphology is accomplished, even for fairly low built-in ratios (5–15%) and without crosslinking to covalently anchor the polymer and/or fullerene molecules. Moreover, these alterations do not influence the initial power conversion efficiencies to a large extent. As such, the presented approach can be regarded as an attractive paradigm for OPV active layer stability.     

Global classical solutions to a non-isothermal dynamical ginzburg-landau model in superconductivity

In this paper we propose and study a generalized time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for superconductivity in which the temperature appears as a variable rather than a parameter. The model is derived by using the general theory of thermodynamics for non-isothermal phase transitions developed by Penrose-Fife and Alt-Pawlow. The global existence of classical solutions of the model is established by using Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem     

NIEDERKOORDINIERTE PHOSPHORVERBINDUNGEN, 631. IMINO(BISMETHYLEN)PHOSPHATE

Abstract

Two imino(bismethylene)phosphat-ions can be synthesized via reaction of phenylamino- and α-naphthylaminobismethylenephosphorane with n-butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran. Anions containing [sgrave]³λ⁶-bounded phosphorus are stabilized in the crystal with THF-solvated lithium-kations.

Zwei Imino(bismethylen)phosphat-ionen werden durch Umsetzung des Phenylamino- und des α-Naphthylaminobismethylenphosphorans mit n-Butyllithium in Tetrahydrofuran erhalten. Die Anionen mit [sgrave]³λ⁶-gebundenem Phosphor werden im Kristall durch THF-solvatisierte Lithium-Kationen stabilisiert.