Alkanoylation of quinazoline by nucleophilic aromatic substitution: Combined experimental and computational study

A combined experimental and computational study on the key intermediates of NHC-catalyzed acylation reaction, Breslow intermediates (BIs), has been conducted in order to achieve a direct nucleophilic alkanoylation of N-heterocycles. Various BI precursors are alternatively prepared and used in the reaction with 4-chloroquinazoline. The present study reveals that the intermediates having benzimidazole moiety serve as acylating agents for the introduction of straight-chain alkanoyl groups. Natural bond orbital analysis indicates that the reactivity of intermediates partly correlates to the occupancy of the π_C-C bonds of the hydroxyl enamine moieties. The putative rate-determining step of the acylation reaction has been theoretically investigated. Several new 4-alkanoylquinazolines are synthesized using the BI precursors.     

Synthesis of 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H and 9-deoxyhomopumiliotoxin 207O

The asymmetric synthesis of 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H and 9-deoxyhomopumiliotoxin 207O has been achieved, starting from both enantiomers of (+)- and (?)-10. Enantiomerically pure alcohols (+)- and (?)-10 were obtained by lipase-mediated kinetic resolution of racemic 10, which was prepared in 3 steps from new lactam-type building block (?)-8 in a highly stereoselective manner.     

Determining optimal resource recycling boundary at regional level: A case study on Tokyo Metropolitan Area in Japan

Conventionally, material inputs to industries come from either natural resources or intermediate products. With the increasing attention on greening the industrial process, municipal solid waste (MSW) can be separated and utilized as inputs to large-scale industries. As such, waste flows need to be managed to meet the requirements of industries by considering both quality and scale. Small scales of municipal recycling centers (MRCs) for pre-treating recyclable wastes often lead to higher pre-treatment cost and lower recycling efficiencies. Theoretically, appropriate facility scale and recycling boundary should be based upon a balanced consideration between economies of scale and transportation costs. However, only a few empirical studies on recycling boundaries have been conducted. Existing modeling studies are mostly case studies for planning purposes and do not theoretically examine the mechanisms and factors that determine recycling boundary. Under such a circumstance, this paper fills such a gap by quantitatively seeking the determinants for recycling boundaries and the related mechanism. An optimization model applying on the recycling of waste plastics is developed and tested in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region (TMR) in Japan. The results indicate two determinants for recycling boundary at the regional level: spatial density of separated wastes and the ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost. Separated wastes that are collected in low spatial density and have a low ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost should be better recycled in a large region. The finding implies that regional recycling networks should have multiple layers designed for different types of wastes due to the differences in their spatial density, unit transportation cost and unit treatment cost.     

中日科普动漫发展状况比较研究

在21世纪,利用科普动漫进行科技传播已经成为科学技术普及的一种必不可少的手段和方式。但中国科普动漫的发展与日本还有一定的差距。通过对中日科普动漫现状的比较分析,借鉴日本科普动漫发展的经验,以求对我国科普动漫的发展有所帮助。     

浅议日本发明专利审查实践规则

随着科技强国战略的实施,越来越多的中国申请人已经开始向国外递交专利申请,日本作为全世界电子、显示、通信等领域走在前列的国家,成为了专利布局上比较重要的一个区域.日本的审查规则以及具体的审查实践与我国有较大的区别,从主要驳回条款、通知书的要求、修改的要求以及基于创造性的审查流程等方面介绍了日本特许厅的相关规定.     

Corrigendum to “Heavy-Traffic Asymptotics for Stationary GI/G/1-Type Markov Chains” [Oper. Res. Lett. 40 (2012) 185–189]

This corrigendum provides corrections for several errors in the previously published letter “Heavy-Traffic Asymptotics for Stationary GI/G/1-Type Markov Chains” [Operations Research Letters 40 (2012) 185–189].