考虑破损-安全的连续体结构拓扑优化ICM方法

本文瞄准连续体在破损-安全考虑下的结构拓扑优化问题,旨在克服传统模型求解所得最终构型存在的弊病,避免结构因缺乏合理的冗余结构而敏感于局部破坏,实现破损-安全的目标. 首先,梳理了以往虽然用到却并不明晰的4个概念:结构局部破损模式、结构局部破损区域、结构破损状况、结构破损状况的预估分布. 之后,基于独立连续映射(ICM)方法,对该问题建立了力学性能约束下结构体积极小化的模型. 建立目标函数时,利用Minimax的概念将可能出现的结构破损状况对应的所有结构体积目标转化为原结构的唯一结构体积目标,克服了多目标问题的困难. 建立近似约束函数时,将可能出现的所有结构破损状况对应的力学性能的约束皆考虑进去,既能处理载荷单工况也能处理载荷多工况. 最后,以位移约束为例,建立了优化模型并求解. 单工况及多工况位移约束拓扑优化算例验证了算法的有效性. 结果表明:本方法相比于不考虑破损-安全的拓扑优化设计,得到的最优拓扑更复杂,体积比更大即所用材料更多,亦即最优结构具有更多的冗余,此正是考虑破损-安全设计原则的结果. 本文的研究对于航空、航天、其他水、陆等领域运载工具以及其他工程结构在意外破坏、战争创伤或恐怖袭击下的结构设计,乃是非常重要的进展.      

Independent continuous mapping for topological optimization of frame structures

Based on the Independent Continuous Mapping method (ICM), a topological optimization model with continuous topological variables is built by introducing three filter functions for element weight, element allowable stress and element stiffness, which transform the 0-1 type discrete topological variables into continuous topological variables between 0 and 1. Two methods for the filter functions are adopted to avoid the structural singularity and recover falsely deleted elements: the weak material element method and the tiny section element method. Three criteria (no structural singularity, no violated constraints and no change of structural weight) are introduced to judge iteration convergence. These criteria allow finding an appropriate threshold by adjusting a discount factor in the iteration procedure. To improve the efficiency, the original optimization model is transformed into a dual problem according to the dual theory and solved in its dual space. By using MSC/Nastran as the structural solver and MSC/Patran as the developing platform, a topological optimization software of frame structures is accomplished. Numerical examples show that the ICM method is very efficient for the topological optimization of frame structures.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472003) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (3042002) The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Natural and artificial light-harvesting systems utilizing the functions of carotenoids

Carotenoids are essential pigments in natural photosynthesis. They absorb in the blue–green region of the solar spectrum and transfer the absorbed energy to (bacterio-)chlorophylls, and so expand the wavelength range of light that is able to drive photosynthesis. This process is an example of singlet–singlet energy transfer and so carotenoids serve to enhance the overall efficiency of photosynthetic light reactions. Carotenoids also act to protect photosynthetic organisms from the harmful effects of excess exposure to light. In this case, triplet–triplet energy transfer from (bacterio-)chlorophyll to carotenoid plays a key role in this photoprotective reaction. In the light-harvesting pigment–protein complexes from purple photosynthetic bacteria and chlorophytes, carotenoids have an additional role, namely the structural stabilization of those complexes. In this article we review what is currently known about how carotenoids discharge these functions. The molecular architecture of photosynthetic systems will be outlined to provide a basis from which to describe the photochemistry of carotenoids, which underlies most of their important functions in photosynthesis. Then, the possibility to utilize the functions of carotenoids in artificial photosynthetic light-harvesting systems will be discussed. Some examples of the model systems are introduced.     

基于ICM方法的多工况位移约束下板壳结构拓扑优化设计

基于ICM方法,建立了多种载荷工况下受位移约束极小化结构重量的拓扑优化近似显式模型,采用精确对偶映射下的序列二次规划算法进行求解,得到了结构的最优拓扑.数值算例表明:ICM方法也可以很好地应用于多工况下板壳结构拓扑优化设计,且收敛快,稳定性好;边界条件和位移约束值都会影响结构的最优拓扑;多工况最优传力路径不是各个单工况最优传力路径的简单叠加.     

频率约束板结构拓扑优化

论文利用ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法建立了频率约束下平板结构重量最轻的拓扑优化模型.采用指数函数作为单元重量、单元质量阵及单元刚度阵的过滤函数.通过瑞利商对刚度过滤函数倒变量的泰勒一阶展式,将频率约束近似显式化.利用对偶理论将含有大量设计变量的约束优化模型转化为易于求解的少设计变量拟无约束优化模型,通过序列二次规划将转化模型进行求解,提高了求解的效率.论文选择MSC.Patran&Nastran软件及PCL二次开发语言构架了平板结构频率约束拓扑优化问题的软件.数值算例表明:论文的方法具有迭代稳定性和收敛高效性.     

基于两方法博弈的马尔可夫随机场红外图像分割算法

电路板红外图像芯片提取是电路板红外故障检测系统中的重要环节,已成为红外图像分割领域关注的一个重点。针对红外图像的特性及传统分割算法效率和精度不足的缺陷,提出一种基于两种优化策略博弈的马尔可夫随机场红外图像分割方法。首先通过OTSU算法对图像进行初始分割;然后利用马尔可夫随机场理论建立图像分割模型;最后,通过SA、ICM优化策略间的博弈对图像进行分割,将两种优化策略视为博弈的两个局中人,通过寻找博弈的纳什均衡点来实现分割;实验结果表明,算法能够无人工干预地准确提取电路板红外图像所有芯片发热区域,并且很好地抑制噪声,准确处理边缘信息,具有一定的实用性和鲁棒性。     

位移约束集成化处理的连续体结构拓扑优化

为解决多工况下多位移约束的连续体结构拓扑优化问题,引入了K-S函数对位移约束进行集成化处理.在建立优化模型时,基于莫尔定理按ICM方法导出约束点位移与设计变量之间的近似显函数关系,然后采用Lagrange乘子法进行求解.给出三个算例对该方法进行验证,并与ESO法、BESO法、MD法以及均匀化方法的结果进行比较.结果表明:该方法计算效率较高,并且能够计算出更合理的结构拓扑.     

光度非均匀彩色序列图像超分辨率重建

为了实现外界光照变化或相机积分时间自动调节等情况下拍摄的彩色序列图像的超分辨率重建,文章首先提取图像感兴趣区域的方向梯度直方图作为匹配特征,以相关系数作为相似性测度进行几何配准;其次建立光度测量模型进行光度配准;最后采用最大后验估计算法求出光度改善的高分辨率图像。文章采用平均梯度、信息熵、图像对比度对重建图像质量进行评估。实验表明,重建后高分辨率图像平均梯度及信息熵均有大幅提高,图像更清晰、信息更丰富。算法能有效减小重建图像间的光度差异,提高彩色图像的对比度,对光度变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Extending the Iterative Convex Minorant Algorithm to the Cox Model for Interval-Censored Data

Abstract

The iterative convex minorant (ICM) algorithm proposed by Groeneboom and Wellner is fast in computing the NPMLE of the distribution function for interval censored data without covariates. We reformulate the ICM as a generalized gradient projection method (GGP), which leads to a natural extension to the Cox model. It is also easily extended to support Tibshirani's Lasso method. Some simulation results are also shown. For illustration we reanalyze two real datasets.     

频率约束的三维连续体结构动力拓扑优化设计

针对频率约束和结构重量最小的动力拓扑优化问题, 基于(independent continuous mapping, ICM)独立、连续、映射方法,建立了频率约束下的三维连续体拓扑优化模型. 利用瑞利商和一阶泰勒展式对频率约束进行了显式化处理,并采用幂函数与复合指数函数作为过滤函数,将优化模型进行了标准化转换, 利用对偶理论及数学规划法进行了求解. 另外,利用质量矩阵和刚度矩阵过滤函数比值与动态约束处理了局部模态和模态交换等数值问题. 最后,通过应用两类不同过滤函数的数值算例表明了文中模型及方法在处理动力拓扑优化问题上的合理性与有效性.