键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相的制备与手性识别性能

高效液相色谱(HPLC)被广泛认为是分离制备光学纯单一对映体的最有效方法。在高效液相色谱手性拆分中,手性固定相(CSP)的性能直接影响到色谱柱的手性分离能力。在众多手性固定相中,键合型手性固定相具有溶剂耐受性好,分离模式灵活等优点,已经发展成为一类重要的手性固定相。本文通过两步化学反应合成了新型的光学活性丙烯酰胺衍生物--(S)-1-丙烯酰-2-(N-苯基甲酰胺基)吡咯烷((S)-APACP),采用核磁共振氢谱表征了(S)-APACP的化学结构;通过3步化学反应制备了键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相,采用热重分析法表征了聚合物的键合量,采用HPLC评价了键合型手性固定相的识别能力,分析了影响其手性识别能力的因素。研究结果表明,APACP聚合物成功地键合到硅胶表面制备了具有良好溶剂耐受性的键合型手性固定相,其聚合物键合量为10.2%~11.8%,该键合型手性固定相对若干种对映体显示了较好的手性识别能力。     

近红外光谱分析技术识别奶粉中淀粉掺假的研究

将蒙牛、伊利、完达山三个品牌的奶粉样品掺入不同量的淀粉构成32份实验样品。在跨度近两个月时间内,用JDSU微型近红外光谱仪,分五天重复5次采集这些样品的中波近红外漫反射光谱。采用仿生模式识别（BPR）算法对样品进行掺假识别定性分析,并研究了分析的可靠性与模型的稳健性。以90%作为评价分析结果（样品掺杂的正确识别率 CAR与正确拒识率 CRR）的阈值：将测试结果高于此阈值的所有样品中掺入淀粉的最低含量分别称为样品掺杂的正确识别限与正确拒识限。结果显示：三个品牌奶粉样品分别各自建模时,若用同一天测定的部分光谱数据建立模型,预测该天剩余光谱,样品掺杂的正确识别限与正确拒识限都可以达到0.1%。对于三种品牌奶粉合并后的纯奶粉及其淀粉掺杂样品混合建模时,若用同一天测定的光谱建模与测试,样品掺杂的正确识别限也可以达到0.1%,正确拒识限则为1%;若用不同时间采集的光谱进行交叉测试,正确识别限与正确拒识限都只有5%;若用四天的光谱数据联合建模,测试第五天的数据,正确识别限可以稳定达到1%,正确拒识限可以达到5%。应用两种算法对奶粉中淀粉含量进行定量分析比较,进一步验证了有关定性分析对样品掺杂正确识别限和正确拒识限的可靠性。     

基于靶向多肽探针的蛋白质分析检测新方法

高选择性、高灵敏度的蛋白质分析检测方法是复杂生命体系研究的有力工具,能为疾病的发现、治疗以及分子机制研究提供新的、有价值的思路和手段.该文围绕蛋白质与多肽的分子识别,针对疾病相关多肽、蛋白质的分离、分析与检测新方法,综述了近几年取得的研究进展,可为复杂生命体系中生理活性分子的结构与功能研究提供借鉴.     

Clionasterol Glucoside and Acylated Clionasterol Glucosides from Oplismenus burmannii

A new clionasterol glucoside, clionasterol‐[(1'→3α)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside ( 1 ), a new acylated clionasterol glucoside, clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐acyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐b‐D]‐glucopyranoside ( 2 ) and clionasterol ( 3 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Oplismenus burmannii. The nature and length of fatty acid acyl chains in 2 was identified by alkaline methanolysis of compound 2 . The aglycone fraction on GC‐MS analysis showed three peaks in GC at t_R 49.86 (82.1%), 51.13 (13.3%) and 56.53 (4.6%) min, which were characterized as arachidic acid methyl ester ( a ) oleic acid methyl ester ( b ) and 12‐methyltetradecanoic acid methyl ester ( c ) respectively. Thus 2 was characterized as a mixture of three new compounds, clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐eicosanoyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside ( 2a ), clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐(8Z)‐octa‐deca‐9‐enoyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside ( 2b ) and clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐(12‐methyltetradecanoyl)‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside ( 2c ).     

Chiral separation of bupivacaine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis partial-filling technique with human serum albumin as chiral selector

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful technique for enantiomer separations due to its intrinsic high separation efficiencies, speed of analysis, low reagent consumption and small sample requirements. However, some chiral selectors present strong background UV absorption providing high detection limits. The present paper deals with the application of the partial-filling technique to the separation of bupivacaine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. In this procedure the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a dinamic capillary coating in order to reduce the electro-osmotic flow and detect both bupivacaine enantiomers out of the chiral selector plug. Several experimental conditions such as CTAB concentration, pH, HSA concentration and plug length, background electrolyte concentration, temperature and voltage were studied. Under the selected conditions it is possible to detect the separated enantiomers out of the HSA plug in less than 4 min using 50 mM Tris pH 8 as background electrolyte with 50 microM CTAB, at 30 degrees C and using a separation voltage of 25 kV. The proposed methodology was then validated for analytical purposes and applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations commercially available. The results obtained with the proposed methodology were in good agreement with those declared by the manufacturers. The simplicity, sample throughput, accuracy, reproducibility and low cost of the proposed method make it suitable for the control of the enantiomeric composition of bupivacaine in pharmaceuticals.     

An Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of L‐Cysteine and Nanosized Prussian Blue on Gold Electrode for Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

A novel amperometric immunosensor based on L ‐cysteine/nanosized Prussian blue bilayer films ({NPB/L ‐cys}₂) and gold nanoparticles (nano‐Au) was fabricated for determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). First, L ‐cys and NPB was self‐assembled by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technology to form {NPB/L ‐cys}₂ bilayer films on the gold electrode. Subsequently, nano‐Au layer was immobilized on the {NPB/L ‐cys}₂ bilayer films by electrodepositing gold chloride tetrahydrate and then anti‐HCG was assembly on the nano‐Au layer. Finally hemoglobin (Hb) was employed to block sites against nonspecific binding. With the electrocatalytic ability of Hb and NPB for the reduction of H₂O₂, the current signal of the antigen‐antibody reaction was amplified and the enhanced sensitivity was achieved. In this study, the assembly process and performance of the immunosensor were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the morphology was researched by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immunosensor performed a high sensitivity and a wide linear response to HCG in two ranges from 0.5 to 10 mIU/mL and from 10 to 200 mIU/mL with a relatively low detection limit of 0.2 mIU/mL at 3 times the background noise, as well as good stability and long‐term life.     

高效液相色谱法测定微量全血中维生素A

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定微量全血样品中维生素A的方法。取全血50μL,用100μL无水乙醇沉淀蛋白后,加入400μL×2正己烷漩涡混匀提取维生素A,高速离心分层后取正己烷层在弱氮气流下挥干,加100μL甲醇溶解后用反相色谱柱C8(150 mm×4.6 mmi.d.,5μm)分离,紫外检测波长325nm,外标法定量。色谱条件:柱温,60℃;流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=92∶8;流速:0.8 mL/min。用本法同时测定了27例成人微量全血及其血清中的维生素A。标准曲线的相关系数大于0.999;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。对于50μL全血,方法检出限为0.02μg/mL。加标回收率为88%~115%。成人血清与其全血中维生素A含量之比为2.907±0.160(x-±s)。方法适合于微量全血中维生素A的测定,并可以通过测定全血中维生素A含量推算血清中维生素A的含量。     

一种获取雷达目标一维距离像的方法

利用高分辨一维距离像进行目标识别在现代雷达中已成为一个重要的研究课题。本文基于雷达信号设计和互相关接收处理技术,研究了一种利用目标回波,逐次获取一维距离像的方法。与冲激雷达相比,这种方法能显著提高信噪比,并且这个方法的收敛速度快,一般迭代10次以内即达到稳定。     

Extraction of Catecholamines by Calixarene Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Extraction behaviors of catecholamines with a series of calixarene carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated. Relatively large calix[6]arene and calix[8]arene extract catecholamines into the organic solution, while smaller calix[4]arene and the monomer analog do not. The calix[6]arene, which has a cavity that fits a protonated amino group well, selectively extracts a primary amino compound dopamine over other catecholamines. Slope analysis and Job’s method confirmed formation of a 1:1 complex between the calix[6]arene and dopamine. On the other hand, the calix[8]arene extracts both dopamine and adrenaline, due to the large cavity for induced-fit recognition. Dopamine extracted with the calixarene is quantitatively stripped by contacting the organic solution with a fresh acidic solution.     

基于改进的监督LLE人脸识别算法

LLE是一种无监督的非线性降维方法,广泛应用于人脸特征提取,但是该方法缺乏样本点的类别信息.提出了一种新方法,在LLE的基础上引入有监督的学习机制和增加样本点的类别信息,通过减少类内距离而增加类间距离和最小化局部数据的全局重构误差,同时结合核邻域保持投影方法(KNPP)来提取高维人脸数据的非线性特征.算法有利于分类识别...