Phytoecdysteroids of Plants of the Silene Genus. 2-Dehydroxyecdysterone-3-O-benzoate from Silene wallichiana

The known ecdysteroids 2-dehydroxyecdysone, 2-dehydroxyecdysterone, ecdysterone-22-O-benzoate, ecdysterone, integristerone A, and a new ecdysteroid identified as 2-dehydroxyecdysterone-3-O-benzoate are isolated from roots ofSilene wallichianaKlotzsch     

Gibbs Transfer Energies of Macrocyclic Ligands in Methanol+N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Mixtures by Solubility and Partition Measurements

The standard Gibbs transfer energies of 18-crown-6,dibenzo-18-crown-6, cryptands 21, 22 and 222 frommethanol to methanol + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone(NMP) mixtures were determined from solubility andpartition measurements at 30 °C. While the Gibbs energy of transfer of 18-C-6 is positive,increases up to X_NMP = 0.7 and thereafter decreases, the transfer energy ofdibenzo-18-C-6 is negative and decreases with the addition of NMP. However,the transfer energy of cryptand 21becomes increasingly negative with theaddition of NMP while that of cryptand 22 ispositive and increases under the sameconditions. For cryptand 222, the transferenergy is slightly negative up toX_NMP = 0.5 butdecreases markedly at higher compositions of NMP. These results have been explainedin terms of the various types of interaction between the ligand molecules, solventcomponents and the effect of solvent–solvent interactions on them.     

微波辅助晶化法合成MCM-22分子筛的研究

开展了微波辅助法合成MCM-22分子筛的研究, 经过29 h微波晶化得到了与传统水热法合成5 d相同的100%晶化的样品, 有效地缩短了合成时间. 通过XRD, SEM, FT-IR, ICP和²⁷Al MAS NMR技术表征, 微波辅助合成样品具有高纯度、均一形貌, Al原子有效进入骨架等特征. 对合成中的关键性条件, 如结构导向剂的含量进行了深入研究, 并给出了可能的合成机理. 此外, 通过在合成液中添加少量高介电损失物质, 进一步缩短了合成时间.     

Rapid resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one

Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) from many medicinal plants has been demonstrated to possess a variety of pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro, including cytotoxic, diuretic and immunosuppressive activity. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies on rat were conducted for ergone. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem multi-stage mass spectrometry (RRLC-APCI-MSⁿ) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) methods were applied for the identification and quantification of ergone and its metabolite from rat plasma, faeces and urine. A metabolite was identified by RRLC-DAD-APCI-MSⁿ: 22,23-epoxy-ergosta-4,6,8(14)-triaen-3-one (epoxyergone). The concentrations of the analyte with its metabolites were determined by HPLC-FLD at excitation wavelength of 370 nm and emission wavelength of 485 nm. The samples were deproteinized with methanol after addition of camptothecin as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of methanol and water at a flow rate of 1 mL min⁻¹. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 42-1500, 36-7500 and 42-1500 ng mL⁻¹ for plasma, faecal homogenate and urine respectively. The absolute recoveries were found to be 97.0 ± 1.2%, 98.1 ± 0.7% and 96.6 ± 1.8% for plasma, faecal homogenate and urine respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10%. The previous HPLC-MS/MS method is not affordable for most laboratories because of the specialty requirement and high equipment cost. However, the HPLC-FLD method is economic and operating simply for quantitative determination of ergone and its metabolite in rat plasma, faeces and urine. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap multi-stage mass spectrometry is becoming a useful technique for ergone metabolite identification.     

Structures of the reduced niobium oxides Nb12O29 and Nb22O54

The crystal structure of Nb₂₂O₅₄ is reported for the first time, and the structure of orthorhombic Nb₁₂O₂₉ is reexamined, resolving previous ambiguities. Single crystal X-ray and electron diffraction were employed. These compounds were found to crystallize in the space groups P2/m (, , , β=102.029(3)^°) and Cmcm (, , ), respectively and share a common structural unit, a 4×3 block of corner sharing NbO₆ octahedra. Despite different constraints imposed by symmetry these blocks are very similar in both compounds. Within a block, it is found that the niobium atoms are not located in the centers of the oxygen octahedra, but rather are displaced inward toward the center of the block forming an apparent antiferroelectric state. Bond valence sums and bond lengths do not show the presence of charge ordering, suggesting that all 4d electrons are delocalized in these compounds at the temperature studied, T=200 K.     

Mo/MCM-22分子筛碳化钼活性中心结构及甲烷活化机理的密度泛函理论研究

 应用密度泛函理论研究了Mo/MCM-22分子筛上碳化钼活性中心的几何结构和电子结构,以及甲烷在该活性中心上的活化机理. 设计了两种结构的活性中心模型: Mo(CH2)2(模型A)和Mo(CH)CH2(模型B); 它们都嫁接在MCM-22分子筛超笼边缘的T4位的Brnsted-酸性位上,用3T簇模型代替分子筛的骨架,对所设计的模型进行了几何结构优化和电子结构分析. 结构优化结果显示, Mo与CH2端基以双键结合,键长为0.18～0.19 nm, 而Mo与CH端基以叁键结合,键长为0.17 nm. 通过自然键轨道分析,证明中心钼原子以配位键与骨架氧原子结合. 根据前线分子轨道的分析,预测了甲烷活化反应将发生在甲烷分子的HOMO和钼活性中心的LUMO之间,即 C-H 键的电子流向 Mo-C 键的π*轨道. 甲烷 C-H 键发生异裂, H+和H3C-基团分别与 Mo-C 键上的Mo和C成键. 在模型A上,甲烷活化反应的活化能为119.97 kJ/mol; 在模型B上,甲烷的H原子可以分别结合到CH2端基和CH端基上,对应的活化能分别为91.37和79.07 kJ/mol.     

Raman spectroscopic study of the molecular structure of the uranyl mineral zippeite from Jáchymov (Joachimsthal), Czech Republic

Raman spectra at 298 and 77K and infrared spectra of the uranyl sulfate mineral zippeite from Jáchymov (Joachimsthal), Czech Republic, K(0.6)(H(3)O)0.4[(UO(2))6(SO(4))3(OH)7].8H2O, were studied. Observed bands were tentatively attributed to the (UO(2))2+ and (SO(4))2- stretching and bending vibrations, the OH stretching vibrations of water molecules, hydroxyls and oxonium ions, and H(2)O, oxonium, and delta U-OH bending vibrations. Empirical relations were used for the calculation of U-O bond lengths in uranyl R (A)=f(nu(3) or nu(1)(UO(2))2+). Calculated U-O bond lengths are in agreement with U-O bond lengths from the single crystal structure analysis and those inferred for uranyl anion sheet topology of uranyl pentagonal dipyramidal coordination polyhedra. The number of observed bands supports the conclusion from single crystal structure analysis that at least two symmetrically distinct U6+ (in uranyls) and S6+ (in sulfates), water molecules and hydroxyls may be present in the crystal structure of the zippeite studied. Strong to very weak hydrogen bonds present in the crystal structure of zippeite studied were inferred from the IR spectra.     

纳米 ZSM-22分子筛的水热合成及在甲醇转化反应中的性能

分子筛结构的独特性和多样性使其在催化、吸附分离和离子交换等领域有着广泛应用.近年来,纳米分子筛制备和应用受到极大关注.与传统微米分子筛相比,纳米分子筛具有较小的晶粒尺寸、较大的外表面积和较高的表面活性,能显著提高其分离和催化性能.制备纳米晶体的常用方法有过量模板法、空间限定法、晶种法、离子热合成法及微反应器合成法等.目前,已合成出多种拓扑结构的纳米分子筛,包括 FAU, MFI, MEL和CHA等. ZSM-22是一种具有 TON拓扑结构的一维十元环直孔道分子筛(孔口尺寸为0.45 nm ×0.55 nm),在长链烷烃异构化和烯烃异构化等反应中表现出优异的催化活性.水热合成法是制备 ZSM-22分子筛最常用的方法,所得样品晶粒尺寸为2–15μm,但由于 ZSM-22分子筛是一种亚稳态结构,为了防止杂晶生成,合成通常是在剧烈搅拌(通常大于400 r/min)下进行.目前已有报道在较低转速下合成 ZSM-22分子筛,但产物仍为微米晶体;或在微波辅助水热合成条件下合成亚微米 ZSM-22分子筛,但晶体尺寸不可调且合成过程需要较高功率的微波反应器.因此,在水热条件下合成纯纳米 ZSM-22分子筛仍然是一个巨大挑战.本文在上述研究基础上采用改进的水热合成法成功合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,考察了转速﹑硅铝比及乙醇共溶剂对晶粒尺寸的影响,比较了纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,采用改进的水热合成法能够在较低转速下合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,晶体尺寸在150–800 nm范围可调.通过考察转速对晶粒尺寸的影响,发现静态合成条件下无法形成 ZSM-22分子筛,表明 ZSM-22分子筛合成需要一定的转速.转速在10–50 r/min变化时,可以合成出不同晶体尺寸的 ZSM-22分子筛,且随转速提高, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大,表明纳米 ZSM-22分子筛合成存在最佳转速.另外,配料硅铝比能显著影响 ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸,随配料硅铝比增加, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大.通过在合成体系中添加乙醇作为共溶剂,考察了有机溶剂对 ZSM-22分子筛晶粒尺寸的影响,发现有机溶剂能显著增大 ZSM-22的晶体尺寸.将本文合成的纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛用于甲醇转化反应,考察了晶体尺寸对 ZSM-22分子筛甲醇转化反应性能的影响.发现与常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛相比,纳米 ZSM-22分子筛催化剂寿命显著提高,说明晶粒尺寸减小能有效减缓积碳导致的分子筛失活;同时,反应产物中乙烯和芳烃选择性有所提高,这是由于外表面积增大所致.此外,还考察了不同硅铝比 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,分子筛硅铝比会影响催化剂寿命,但晶体尺寸对催化剂寿命影响更大. ZSM-22分子筛硅铝比增大有助于提高低碳烯烃选择性,减少芳烃生成.     

A bioactive cycloartane triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana

The dichloromethane bark extract of Garcinia hombroniana yielded one new cycloartane triterpene; (22Z,24E)-3β-hydroxycycloart-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (1) together with five known compounds: garcihombronane G (2), garcihombronane J (3), 3β acetoxy-9α-hydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,24-dien-26-oic acid (4), (22Z, 24E)-3β, 9α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (5) and 3β, 23α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-8,14,24-trien-26-oic acid (6). Their structures were established by the spectral techniques of NMR and ESI-MS. These compounds together with some previously isolated compounds; garcihombronane B (7), garcihombronane D (8) 2,3’,4,5’-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone (9), volkensiflavone (10), 4’’-O-methyll-volkensiflavone (11), volkensiflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (12), volkensiflavone-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (13), Morelloflavone (14), 3’’-O-methyl-morelloflavone (15) and morelloflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (16) were evaluated for cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory activities using acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. In these activities, compounds 1–9 showed good dual inhibition on both the enzymes while compounds 10–16 did not reasonably contribute to both the cholinesterases inhibitory effects.     

Oxidation of α-methylstyrene on an MCM-22 encapsulated (<Emphasis Type="Italic">R,R</Emphasis>)-(−)-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N′</Emphasis>-bis(3,5-di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminocobalt(II) catalyst

(R, R)-(−)-N, N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminocobalt(II) was encapsulated into MCM-22 using the zeolite synthesis method. The encapsulated catalyst proved to be active in the oxidation of α-methylstyrene with NaOCl with higher specific activity than the homogeneous catalyst. At the same time, this encapsulated catalyst was completely inactive in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of racemic styrene oxide. This observation is in a good correlation with the assumption of the cooperative bimetallic mechanism proposed by Annis and Jacobsen.