Introduction of a biowaste/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a coating for a metal alloy based SPME fiber: Application to screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The present study introduces a high efficiency metal alloy-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with a green biowaste nanocomposite of chicken feet yellow membrane mixed with graphene oxide (CFYM/GO). An Al/Cr commercial heating element (aluchrom, AC) has been selected as the fiber substrate and designed as coiled form (CAC-SPME) to enhance its extraction and pre-concentration capacity. The fabricated fiber, CAC-SPME/CFYM/GO, has been employed for the extraction and pre-concentration of some commonly seen PAHs in different standard/real samples prior to their high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analyzing. The synthesized materials and the fibers surface were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. Under the optimized experimental conditions, low detection limits (LOD, 0.039–0.30 µg L^–1), wide linear ranges (LR, 0.13–643 µg L^–1) and good relative recoveries (RR, 76.20–105.60%) were achieved for all the target analytes. The materials applied to prepare this fiber were low-priced and accessible and also eliminated the need for expensive coating substances. In addition, using of the AC alloy substrate was increased the fiber physicochemical resistance and solved the breakage drawback of the conventional SPME fibers. Moreover, simple fabrication, high rigidity, long service life and high extraction capacity were some of the other advantages of the suggested fiber. Therefore, the proposed method can be utilized successfully for the routine analysis of PAHs in different matrixes.     

Photochemical synthesis: Using light to build C–C bonds under mild conditions

A review of recent advancements in metal-free arylations via photogenerated triplet aryl cations and decatungstate anion ([W₁₀O₃₂]⁴⁻) photocatalyzed C–C bond formation is reported herein. These approaches are two examples of the great potentialities of photons as green activants in organic synthesis, allowing the functionalization of different chemical substrates under mild conditions (room temperature, aqueous solvents, absence of aggressive and unstable reactants and of expensive transition metal-based catalysts, and chance to use solar light as the energy source).     

聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题（英文）

催化是化学工业中最重要和最普遍的跨学科技术,也是具有重要社会影响的学科之一,是一门基于应用、注重实践、与化学工程息息相关的学科.应用、实践是催化的根本,也是其生命力所在,其发展轨迹与人类的历史进程密不可分.从20世纪初Mittasch贡献的高效Fe基催化剂为氮基化肥的大规模推广奠定了基础,到60年代,分子筛裂化催化剂使汽油收率和辛烷值大幅提升,为交通运输业的大力发展奠定了能源基础,推动了交通运输业的革命.从齐格勒和纳塔TiCl_4-AlEt_3体系催化乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等在低压下高收率地聚合,生成分子结构高度规整的立体定向聚合物——聚烯烃,到汽车排气管中的Pt-Rh-Pd三效催化剂,可以通过氧化和还原反应,把废气中的烃类物质和CO转化为水和CO_2,同时把环境危害大的NO_x分解成无害的N_2和O_2,等等.这些催化的印记推动了产业变革和社会进步.可以说,无处不在的催化支撑了人类社会的发展.近年有些突破也发生在我国,使我们更加感受到催化的力量.催化科学与技术是极其复杂的.一方面表现在表面科学的知识和催化反应的物理化学现象建模,材料科学和无机化学以制备合适的纳米结构催化剂;另一方面表现在催化剂成型、反应动力学评价和催化过程建模.这两个方面均涉及原料多样性、催化材料多变性、化工工艺适应性、宏量制备放大效应,以及本征与表观性能关联等复杂问题.但是这些复杂性问题与催化发展的根本相比,或者说,与催化发展的核心驱动力相比,很显然,催化解决重大经济社会问题更应引起关注,这是催化的使命所在.目前,我国催化基础研究走在了世界前列,已经取得了重大突破,李灿等成功组织举办了第16届国际催化大会,包信和、孙予罕等科学家的一系列重大催化基础研究成果在Science、Nature等期刊上发表,李灿、包信和等多名科学家被国际催化相关学术组织颁发荣誉称号,张涛等人一系列重大成果被评为重要进展.与此同时,我国在煤制烃、油品质量升级以及绿色化工等能源化工催化方面取得了重大的工业化成果.这些走在世界前列的重大催化工业化成果驱动了我国经济社会发展.本文试图总结这些重大工业化催化成果,并基于经济社会发展提炼相关催化问题,探讨发展方向、路径与对策.     

Au@PVP核壳纳米粒子作为表面增强拉曼散射基底检测孔雀石绿

采用水热法合成了粒径均一、壳层厚度可控的Au@PVP核壳纳米粒子,利用壳层PVP分子分散纳米粒子的特性,使其形成均一、排列致密的单层结构,利用其内核金纳米粒子的等离子共振效应实现了孔雀石绿( MG)分子的表面增强拉曼检测。通过优化吸附时间与壳层厚度,在致密的、均匀的核壳纳米粒子表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底上实现MG分子高灵敏分析检测,检测线性范围1×10-10~1×10-5 mol/L,线性相关系数R2达到0.98,检出限可达1×10-12 mol/L。将本方法用于罗非鱼鱼肉中MG含量检测,样品未检出,样品加标回收率为70.8％~126.0％。结果表明,本方法快速准确、操作简单,可用于鱼肉中MG的快速检测。     

Research and Practice in Green Chemical Technologies

Green chemistry is also called environment harmless or environment friendly chemistry.Green chemistry requires to use new synthetic methods, engineering technologies and processes to eliminate or reduce by-products, wastes or products that harmful to human health, community safety,and ecology environment. Green chemistry pursues to control the usage of the harmful and toxic materials, reduce waste emission, avoid necessity to treat the wastes; Green Chemistry advocates wastes management from the beginning, improving the efficiency of atoms, optimizing the use of resources and energy, lowering the cost of production. Green Chemistry technologies are the ultimate path to the clean chemical production in the future.Insight Co. takes "hospital of enterprises" and "bank of technologies" as our characteristics in business, and deems the development and spread of green chemistry as our mission. We developed an unique business model which combines education, research and production. In the past 8 years,we had applied and obtained more than 30 patents and received more than ten national and provincial awards in technology progress.We had made great progress in the manufacturing of organophosphorus pesticides, especially the production of omethoate, methamidophos, paraquat and glycyrrhizinic phosphor, etc., which made a stable foundation for INSIGHT's development. We had also achieved great success in the high efficiency low toxic pesticides, such as imidacloprid, etofenprox, metalaxyl and in the new synthetic methods in various amino acids as well as in the pharmaceutical intermediates. The new method of preparation indigo using N-phenylglycinonitrile is an advanced process in the world in terms of the clean production technology for Ferro cyanide and HCN's transformation rate improvement. We solved the pollution problem of the old route. The newly developed substituted product for indigo using a clean production technology which greatly reduced the material consumption and environmental pollution. Insight has facilities producing nearly 20 photo-initiators and developed the new technique for light-curing lubricity, water-born resin, the technique for water-bon coating and their associated applications. The successfully developed technology of new high performance emulsion will promote the technology advancement in the coating industry and the wide spread of new coating in China.Insight has developed a series of new technologies, including a novel reactor technology - using a newly designed patented blade, has been characterized as high efficiency & energy saving reactor.The novel technology research and development are widely applied in INSIGHT's ten-year practice.We studied and confirmed the non-thermal catalyzing effect of microwaves, proposed a "weak microwave" theory, and a chemical reaction rate equation. We proposed that in the existence of microwave magnesium ions and phosphate, amino acid can be activated to form peptide which maybe the path of the origin of life.A 3000mt/a pilot plant in Chongqing using carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce dimethyl ether in a single step has been built via collaboration with the Dept. of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University. The large scale, low cost production of dimethyl ether may possible through comprehensive technology improvement. This technology will take full advantage of current ammonia production facilities, and try to solve the global fuel shortage problem.     

Study of thermal deformation of microelectronics packaging product by interferometric technique

In this paper, the out-of-plane deformation of silicon surface of Direct Chip Attachment (DCA) assembly, under thermal loading, was measured in real-time by Twyman/Green interferometry. The contour maps of the out-of-plane displacement fields of silicon surface under thermal loading and cycling of various temperature were obtained. Experimental results show that the relation between the out-of-plane displacement and temperature is nonlinear and varies with temperature cycling, due to nonlinear mechanical behavior of the materials used in electronic packaging. A comparison of the out-of-plane displacement fields of silicon surface measured by T/G interferometry in real-time and replicating technique of high temperature specimen grating of moire interferometry was made.     

George Green对早期孤立子数学理论的重要贡献

本文考察George Green 1839年关于孤立波的论文的产生背景、研究方法及影响.Green自身的科学素养、剑桥的氛围以及罗素的报告促成了他的孤立波研究,其基本思想和处理方法被19世纪一些重要的孤立波研究者不同程度继承借鉴,对孤立波理论研究产生了重要影响.     

一维线性非共轭石墨烯基(CH2)n分子链的电子输运

一维非共轭烷烃链虽不具富电子或少电子特征,但常存在于单分子器件或多肽、蛋白质等生物分子中,对电子传输产生重要影响.为理解这类物质的电子输运特征,本研究设计了一维线性非共轭(CH2)n分子结模型,并利用密度泛函理论结合非平衡态格林函数的方法,对(CH2)n(n=1—12)线性分子链与两个石墨烯电极耦合而成的分子结进行了第...     

碳化硅纳米管二氧化氮气敏传感器的工作机理

The working mechanism of sensors plays an important role in their simulation and design, which is the foundation of their applications. A model of a nanotube NO2 gas sensor system is established based on an （8, 0） silicon carbide nanotube （SiCNT） with a NO2 molecule adsorbed. The transport properties of the system are studied with a method combining density functional theory （DFT） with the non-equilibrium Green＇s function （NEGF）. The adsorbed gas molecule plays an important role in the transport properties of the gas sensor, which results in the formation of a transmission peak near the Fermi energy. More importantly, the adsorption leads to different voltage current characteristics of the sensor to that with no adsorption; the difference is large enough to detect the presence of NO2 gas.     

中国联通信息化云计算工作探讨

在云计算时代,运营商需要将自身网络智能和控制能力与云服务有机结合,提出集成、高效、可靠的云平台信息化发展战略。文章以中国联通云平台试验工作为依托,分析目前运营商信息化云计算发展思路和标准化工作,并根据实际情况介绍桌面云和绿色数据中心的建设情况,为电信级的云服务运营提供参考依据。