基于切换原理的非均匀采样系统输出反馈控制

在非均匀采样系统中,存在着刷新时间间隔不确定和时变的情况,这给系统控制器的设计造成了很大困难.针对此问题,本文将刷新时间间隔看作时延变量,将不同时延的系统动态变化过程转化为不同子系统的动态变化过程,从而将时延的变化转化为不同子模型之间的切换,最终将非均匀采样系统描述为一类具有有限个子系统的离散时间切换系统.利用输出反馈控制方法,基于平均驻留时间条件,使输出反馈闭环非均匀采样系统指数稳定.最后,通过一个非均匀采样系统仿真实例证明了提出方法的有效性.     

一种电感电流同步控制和采样DC转换器设计

双向DC控制器的控制指标衡量主要包括采样和控制两个方面,本系统从电流采样角度出发,设计一种电感电流同步控制和采样转换器,在控制周期的固定位置采集数据,从而达到稳定采样的目的,且控制方式采用集中式管理分布式控制方案,可以实现多模块的并联,为后期扩展留下基础.尤其适用于DC转换器中需要对电感电流进行采样的装置,该转换器主要用来实现采样和控制同步.     

基于FPGA的通信信号处理分析

FPGA作为一个核心的数据、信号采集系统,具有4个采集通道,直接通过上位机的指令配置,可根据实际需求选择实时采样或高速采样,在数据处理与信号处理中的应用前景十分广阔.文章主要对基于FPGA的通信信号处理系统设计进行分析,针对系统应用中存在的问题提供相应的解决方案,可供参考.     

扩频采样判决输出智能电能抄表技术研究

国内现有抄表模式主要以人工抄表为主,目前正向四表合一远程自动抄表在线计量模式发展.文中提出了一种扩频采样判决输出的智能电能远程集中抄表通信技术,首先给出了远程抄表系统架构,建立了抄表系统信道物理模态与数学模型,并对抄表系统进行了抄表直接序列扩频通信仿真,接着实现了采样判决输出,并在干扰及衰减的前提下对信源和信宿进行了分析,最后与其它几种通信方式进行了对比.结果表明,本研究很好地适应了远程集抄数据通信传输,保证了电能远程抄表的可靠性、可行性和准确性.对今后四表合一远程自动抄表以及在线计量技术的深入研究有一定的理论意义和实用价值.     

A novel anti-intercepting wireless communication scheme

In this paper, a novel wireless communication scheme is proposed, which has high anti-intercepting ability without the frequency efficiency loss. In this scheme, we use the baseband mixed signal to construct the transmission signal, which is consisted of two independent and useful baseband signals. According to our analysis, we find that the baseband mixed signal transmission scheme can achieve higher anti-intercepting ability than the existing mixed signal schemes, and it can achieve high frequency efficiency since the mixed signals carry useful information simultaneously. We also provide a low-complexity reception algorithm based Gibbs sampling for the proposed scheme. According to simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective, and validate its anti-intercepting ability.     

Trace analysis of airborne haloacetates

Haloacetates in various environmental compartments can be determined by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry after derivatization with 1-pentafluorophenyl diazoethane. Detection limits in absolute amounts per injection are between 0.01 fg (chlorodifluoroacetate) and 80 fg (monofluoroacetate). Sampling of haloacetates in urban air was performed by means of cylindrical denuders coated with alkalized glycerol. The haloacetates detected are trifluoro-, monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, monobromo-, and dibromoacetate. The concentrations in ambient air fluctuate strongly, e.g. between 20 and 3000 pg/m³ for TFA. Haloacetates are also found in river waters and tree foliage. A major problem is interference from contamination with trifluoro- and trichloroacetate.     

Quantum chemical study of the effect of N,N-acyl group nature on the structure and Gibbs free energy of the sulfur ketoylides and products of their transformations

With the purpose to study the effect of the nature of the imido-group of N,N-acyl-protected β-methyl-substituted keto-stabilized sulfonium ylides on the formation of methylthiopyrrolisinediones by cyclization, the structure features of these ylides are investigated by ab initio methods. The imido-group nature is shown to insignificantly affect in most cases the structure and the relative free energy of conformers of the ketoylides in question and the products of a cyclization reaction with their participation. The energy difference between the anti-peri-planar and syn-clinal orientation of nitrogen atoms in the imido-group and ylide carbon atom is negligible. The latter orientation is necessary for the reaction of intramolecular cyclization to proceed because in this case carbon atoms between which the bond forms are drawn together. The structure of cyclic pentanomial N,N-acyl group slightly affects the calculated values of Gibbs free energy of sulfur ketoylide reactions, and a temperature increase promotes the intramolecualr cyclization reactions. Wittig and Corey-Chaykovsky reactions typical of ylides are the least thermodynamically favorable for the sulfonium ketoylides under study.     

A journey through the hazards of possible errors in the analysis of trace elements in body fluids and tissues

Accuracy of the analysis results of trace elements in body fluids and tissues needs to be ascertained during every step of the procedure, starting with the choice of sample, followed by appropriate sampling, analytical methodology and quality assurance, to end with the evaluation of the data. The characterisation of the reference group is important because it is fundamental in the decision making step. Appropriate sampling ensures that the concentration of the trace element in the collected sample is exactly the same as was originally present in the individual. Besides, sample manipulation should not alter the concentrations. The analytical technique chosen is supposed to offer sufficient specificity and sensitivity, and to allow the determination of the trace element with a signal exceeding the quantification limit of detection. Quality assurance through the analysis of similar levels in certified reference materials is a very valuable asset to prove the validity of the detection and to eliminate possible errors which may jeopardize the accuracy and reliability of the data.     

Micellization of dodecyldimethylethyl- ammonium bromide in aqueous solution

Specific conductivity of aqueous solutions of dodecyldimethylethylammonium bromide has been determined in the temperature range of 15-40°C. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and ionization degree of the micelles, b, were determined from the data. Thermodynamic functions, such as standard Gibbs free energy, ΔG _m°, enthalpy, ΔG _m°, and entropy, ΔG _m°, of micellization, were estimated by assuming that the system conforms to the mass action model. The change in heat capacity upon micellization, ΔG _m°, was estimated from the temperature dependence of ΔG _m°. An enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenom for the studied system has been found. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A preliminary study of plant aroma profile characteristics by a combination sampling method coupled with GC-MS

Plant aroma profile characteristic is an important bio-information. In this study, a sampling method in combination with headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and steam distillation (SD), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection, was used to study the aroma profile characteristics of the fresh and stale samples of common tomato, cherry tomato, durian and longan, and of the different samples of Chinese mango and Allium varieties. The typical aroma volatiles of these samples were isolated and identified according to the different degrees of certainty. The different samples showed different aroma profile characteristics when principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the data of the aroma profile chromatograms. Then the crucial aroma volatiles contributing greatly to the clustering differences of the aroma profile characteristics of the fresh and stale common tomato, cherry tomato, durian and longan were identified by common model strategy. These compounds are potential bio-markers of plant metabolism, but further study is needed. Continuous investigations for the aroma profile characteristics of common tomato during storage and chive during growth were conducted to distill the potential bio-information from the plant metabolism processes. The saturated hexanal of common tomato increased during storage, whereas the unsaturated hexenal reduced. The accumulating trends of volatile sulfides were observed during chive growth. The preliminary results related with the corresponding bio-information could provide helpful clues to the study of plant's secondary metabolism process and benefit quality control.