Letter: Can Geodesics in Extra Dimensions Solve the Cosmic Light Speed Limit?

It is shown that our 3 + 1 Brane Einstein Universe is a trapped shell in a Higher Dimensional spacetime (Bulk). It is also shown that the Israel Condition acts like a pressure to trap matter in Einstein's Universe, and that if we overcome this pressure, we can make a particle leave Einstein's Universe and enter the Bulk. The conditions that allow the entrance to the Bulk permit its use to send signals or particles faster than the speed of the light, when seen from the Brane due to Brane Lensing. However, in the Bulk the particles remain subluminal. Our model differs from all the standard Braneworlds models, because all matter is trapped in this 3 + 1 Einstein Shell, independently of what the Standard Model might impose. What we propose is a new Braneworld Model using some of the features of the Chung-Freese Model, plus a way to overcome the pressure from the Israel Condition. Our model will remotely resemble the Davoudias Hewett, Rizzo modifications made to Randall-Sundrum Model that allow fermions (not only gravitons) to enter the Bulk, although we must outline that we are proposing a different idea.     

Two Lower Estimates in Greedy Approximation

We prove one lower estimate for the rate of convergence of the Pure Greedy Algorithm with regard to a general dictionary and another lower estimate for the rate of convergence of the Weak Greedy Algorithm with a special weakness sequence = {t}, 0 < t < 1, with regard to a general dictionary. The second lower estimate combined with the known upper estimate gives the right (in the sense of order) dependence of the exponent in the rate of convergence on the parameter t when t 0.     

A discrete mass transportation problem for infinitely many sites,and general representant systems for infinite families

A discrete mass transportation problem, studied by Kellerer, is extended to the case of infinitely many sites. An application to general representant systems is given, which generalizes M. Hall's extension of P. Hall's theorem to the case of infinite families of sets.     

Spin Entropy for Kerr Black Holes

It is known that the entropy for a singular spacetime metric can be calculated in the framework of classical field theories by applying Noether's theorem to stationary solutions of Einstein's field equations, integrating a suitable form on a trapping surface for the singularity. When the Kerr solution is considered, two different horizons appear. The physical entropy for the system is well known to be related to the outer horizon. We investigate here which is the meaning of the entropy calculated (via first principle of black hole thermodynamics) on the inner horizon. We show that this entropy, which was earlier interpreted as a sort of "spin entropy" of the black hole, admits in fact an interpretation as a quantity associated to a conserved charge which is related to the rotational degrees of freedom of the system.     

Zur allgemeinen Säure-Base-Katalyse bei der Reaktion von Aluminium(III) mit organischen Chelatbildnern in wäßriger Lösung

For the reaction of Al(III) with organic chelating reagents to form of the complex AlL ^n± a general acid base catalysis was detected. A reaction model is given. The general acid catalysis is only present if at least one kinetic pathway of complex dissociation reacts with participation of protons. This depends on the kind of the chelating reagent.     

The continuum orbital problem in the calculation of auger decay rates: Application to Ne

Summary Described here are new computational procedures which have been developed for obtaining the continuum orbital in Auger problems. A Lippmann-Schwinger (LS) equation is solved for the inner, atomic or molecular region and in the asymptotic region the LS orbital is matched with the eigenfunctions of the long-range Hamiltonian. A detailed analysis of the form of the continuum orbital for various decay states of the KLL Auger spectrum of the neon atom is presented. Decay rates are given for the Ne and compared with previous results and with experiments.

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Riassunto Si presenta una nuova tecnica per ottenere l'orbitale del continuo in problemi Auger. Essa consiste nella soluzione di un'equazione alla Lippmann-Schwinger (LS) per la regione atomica o molecolare e nel raccordo dell'orbitale cosí ottenuto con le autofunzioni dell'hamiltoniana contenente la parte asintotica del potenziale. Si effettua inoltre un'analisi dettagliata della forma dell'orbitale del continuo per vari possibili stati di decadimento Auger dell'atomo di Ne ionizzato nel guscio 1s e si interpreta lo spettro KLL di tale sistema in termini di energie di risonanza e velocitá di decadimento.

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Резюме В работе описываются новые вычислительные процедуры, которые были развиты для получения непрерывной орбитали в Оже-проблемах. Решается уравнение Липмана-Мвнгера для внутренней атомной или молекулярной области. В асимптотической области орбиталь Липмана-Швингера согласуется с собственными функциями Гамильтониана. В работе проводится подробный анализ формы непрерывной орбитали для различных возможных состояниЙ Оже-распада атома Ne. Приводятся интенсивности распада для Ne и сравниваются с предыдущими результатами и данными экспериментов.

     

Two analytic approximations for thed+1 ising model

Summary The Hamiltonian Ising model ind+1 dimensions is studied by means of two new approximation methods which exploit the geometry of the model. Explicit results for the critical temperature and observables of the theory are obtained. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Neural encoding in invertebrate neurons

Summary The effect of a weak periodic perturbation on the firing activity of two different types of neurons is investigated. Post-stimulus and interspike interval histograms are built up from the times of occurrence of the action potentials and a comparative analysis is performed between the two preparations. A discussion of how the leaky integrate-and-fire model can mimic the experimental data is included. Paper presented at the International Workshop ?Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena?, Elba, 5–10 June 1994.     

A method to evaluate the relative weights of structural and functional constraints on a genome

Summary A method that numerically evaluates the relative influence of structural or functional constraints on the codon composition of a gene is presented. The method applies to any constraint provided that it can be translated intoa priori probability table of codon usage. The method is very easy to apply to different constraints and to different pools of sequences. Theoretical codon usage obtained from a linear combination of the various constraints was compared with experimental codon frequencies of several classes of genes taxonomically homogeneous and, applying a minimization tecnique, the relative weights of the examined constraints have been evaluated. The results show that a common strategy exists for all coding sequences even though most of the constraints are represented by different probability tables for different pools of genes. We also demonstrate that the method is reliable when it is applied to a single gene, so that it can also be used as a tool to predict the characteristics of a gene from its sequence.