Two-Sample T 3 Plot: A Graphical Comparison of Two Distributions

Abstract

Consider two independent random variables x and y with means and standard deviations μ _x ,μ _y ,σ _x , and σ _y , respectively. Let F _x (t) = P[(x - μ, _x )/σ _x ≤ t] and F _y (t) = P[(y - μ _y )/σ _y ≤ t]. In this article we address the problem of testing the null hypothesis H ₀ : F _x ≡ F _y , against the alternative H ₁ : F _x ≡ F _y . A graphical tool called T ₃ plot for checking normality of independently and identically distributed univariate data was proposed in an earlier article by Ghosh. In the present article we develop a two-sample T ₃ plot where the basic statistic is the normalized difference between the T ₃ functions for the two samples. Significant departure of this difference function from the horizontal zero line is indicative of evidence against the null hypothesis. In contrast to the one-sample problem, the common distribution function under the null hypothesis is not specified in the two-sample case. Bootstrap is used to construct the acceptance region under H ₀, for the two-sample T ₃ plot.     

T-shaped platinum boryl complexes: synthesis and structure

A series of cationic T-shaped 14-electron boryl complexes of the type trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt{B(X)X'}](+) (X=Br; X'=ortho-tolyl, tBu, NMe(2), piperidyl, Br; XX'=(NMe(2))(2), catecholato) were synthesized by halide abstraction from trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt(Br){B(X)X'}] (Cy=cyclohexyl) with Na[BAr(f) (4)] (Ar(f)=3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3)), K[B(C(6)F(5))(4)], or Na[BPh(4)]. X-ray diffraction studies were performed on all compounds, revealing a subtle correlation between the trans-influence of the boryl moiety and the Pt--H and Pt--C separations. However, no notable agostic C--H interaction with the platinum center was detected. trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt(BCat)](+) (Cat=catecholato), the complex with the shortest Pt--H and Pt--C distances, was treated with Lewis bases (L), forming compounds of the type trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt(L)(BCat)](+), thus proving a decisive influence of the degree of trans-influence exerted by the boryl ligands on the chemical reactivity of the title complexes. Another point that was investigated and clarified is the different behavior of trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt(Br){B(Br)Mes}] (Mes=mesityl) towards K[B(C(6)F(5))(4)] with formation of the borylene species trans-[(Cy(3)P)(2)Pt(Br)(BMes)](+).     

Accurate prediction of norbornadiene cycle enthalpies by DLPNO-CCSD(T1)/CBS method

The DLPNO-CCSD(T₁)/CBS method combined with simple reactions containing small reference species leads to an improvement in the accuracy of theoretically evaluated enthalpies of formation of medium-sized polyalicyclic hydrocarbons when compared with the widely used composite approach. The efficiency of the DLPNO-CCSD(T₁)/CBS method is most vividly demonstrated by comparing with the results of G4 calculations for adamantane. The most important factor in choosing appropriate working reaction is the same number of species on both sides of the equation. Among these reactions, the reactions with small enthalpy change usually provide a better cancellation of errors. The DLPNO-CCSD(T₁)/CBS method was used to calculate the enthalpies of formation of compounds belonging to the norbornadiene cycle (norbornadiene, quadricyclane, norbornene, nortricyclane, and norbornane). The most reliable experimental enthalpies of formation are recommended for these compounds by comparing calculated values with conflicting experimental data.     

高性能T型沸石膜的合成及水热/耐酸性能

考察了晶种尺寸形貌及晶化温度对T型沸石膜的形成演化过程以及分离性能的影响,调查表明采用小尺寸的晶种可制备出致密的沸石膜,且膜的生长速率受晶化温度影响,低温下合成同性能的膜需更长的晶化时间。当晶种尺寸分别为0.4和0.6μm时,423 K晶化4 h可制得高性能的T型沸石膜,348 K分离90%(w/w)异丙醇/水混合物体系,其通量分别高达6.21和5.98 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),分离因子均10 000。实验发现,膜的形成过程受外延生长机理控制,与晶种形貌尺寸和晶化温度无关,且所制得的高性能T型沸石膜具有很好的水热稳定性及耐酸性。     

Electrochemical reduced graphene oxide-poly(eriochrome black T)/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid,dopamine and uric acid

This work reports on the preparation of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)-poly(eriochrome black T) (pEBT) assembled gold nanoparticles for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in PBS pH 6.0. Characterisations of the composite were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. As a result of the synergistic effect, the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) possessed an efficient electrochemical catalytic activity with a high selectivity and sensitivity in oxidising AA-DA and DA-UA as compared to the bare GCE. The peak separations of AA and DA, DA and UA were 183 mV and 150 mV, respectively. The linear response ranges for AA, DA and UA were 10–900 μM, 0.5–20 μM and 2–70 μM with detection limits of 0.53 μM, 0.009 μM and 0.046 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensitivity of ERGO-pEBT/AuNPs was measured as 0.003 µA/μM, 0.164 µA/μM and 0.034 µA/μM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. The modified electrochemical sensor was used in the determination of AA, DA, and UA in vitamin C tablets and urine sample with good recovery.     

15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A,new diterpenoid from a bornean soft coral,Xenia sp.

A new xenicane diterpenoid, 15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (1) along with four known compounds 9-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (2), isoxeniolide-A (3), xeniolide-A (4) and coraxeniolide-B (5) were isolated from the Bornean soft coral Xenia sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, NMR and HRESIMS. Compound 5 showed cytotoxic activity against ATL cell line, S1T.     

[Fe(CN)6]4-在溴碘化银T-颗粒乳剂中的掺杂

本文研究了K₄[Fe(CN)₆]掺杂对溴碘化银T-颗粒乳剂感光性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂剂的掺杂量以及掺杂位置对乳剂的感光性能都有影响.K₄[Fe(CN)₆]的掺杂量在每克乳剂31×10^-9-31×10^-11mol之间时,乳剂感光度都有提高.最佳掺杂量为每克乳剂31×10-10mol.掺杂位置接近表面时效果相对较好,表明K₄[Fe(CN)₆]是浅电子陷阱掺杂剂.当掺杂剂的掺杂量大于每克乳剂31×10^-8mol,且掺杂位置在乳剂颗粒较深内部时,乳剂的感光度反而下降.     

Structures,vibrational spectra,and relative energies of HXSiS (X = H,F, and Cl) isomers

The potential energy surface for the decomposition of HXSiS (X = H, F, and Cl) on the singlet state has been explored by B3LYP and CCSD(T) calculations. Five different types of reaction are proposed: (A) 1,1‐HX elimination, (B) 1,2‐H shift, (C) 1,2‐X shift, (D) H · and XSiS · radical formation, and (E) X · and HSiS · radical formation. These results show interesting trends for the HXSiS isomers. Our theoretical investigations suggest that the doubly bonded species HXSiS should be the lowest energy structure among the isomers from both kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints. We also report theoretical predictions of molecular parameters and vibrational infrared (IR) spectra of the monohalogen‐substituted silanethione, which should be useful for future experimental observations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 14–25, 2001     

Electron correlation effects in ionic hydrogen clusters

We employ density functional, post‐Hartree–Fock, and quantum Monte Carlo methods to study the electronic structure, geometries, and behavior of positively charged H_m⁺ clusters with m=3,5,…,17. Their structure consists of a tightly bound H₃⁺ core ion surrounded by successive solvation shells of H₂ molecules. For the largest clusters, we propose new geometries. We find that correlated methods yield the stepwise decrease of enthalpies for dissociation of H₂ from the clusters observed in experiments. Our best results are obtained by the diffusion Monte Carlo method, and by including finite temperature entropic effects, we are able to reproduce the experimental dissociation enthalpies with an unprecedented accuracy of less than 0.5 kcal/mol. These benchmark results contrast with erroneous predictions discovered in the density functional approaches. Finally, our analysis of the cluster energy surfaces indicates that under quantum and thermal fluctuations, the outer solvation shells will exhibit pronounced fluctional behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 86–95, 2001     

Improved Extraction Method and Chromatographic Separation of Ginsenosides from Ginseng Roots,Leaves and Ginseng Drug Preparations

A new extraction method for ginsenosides from ginseng roots, ginseng leaves and ginseng drug preparations by Sep-Pak C₁₈ cartridges has been studied. Ginsenoside extraction by Sep-Pak cartridges is a rapid, efficient, reproducible method. In addition, the extracts were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The major components of ginseng saponins were effectively separated using an ODS-120T column.