Some aspects of diffusion: fluctuations in reaction diffusion,and geometric influences in nonuniform media

Summary We deal with two diffusion problems: Space-integrated conserved entities characterizing very fast - diffusion - controlled reactions, such as time lags, etc. are universal. They are given by relationships which do not reflect the failure of the mean field hydrodynamic equations. We present another application which does not reflect this failure, for determining the surface flux via a diffusion controlled reaction producing a colored product. Another anomalous diffusion process we considered is transport through cellular materials whose cell sizes are highly nonuniform. We have analyzed the effects of extreme nonuniformity by considering fractal-like models of cellular solids. The diffusion current through these models can exhibit anomalous time-dependencies which are not predicted by the diffusion equation. In particular, it is shown that the initial diffusion current can be characterized by a power-law dependence on the time. Furthermore, the exponent of the power law is given in terms of the distribution of cell sizes in the fractal-like cellular solid.     

La(OH)3凝聚的形态和粒径分布研究

在形态空间中对La(OH)_3凝聚体系统的形态分布进行了描述。在此基础上, 对La(OH)_3凝聚体的粒径分布进行了模拟, 进而提出了La(OH)_3凝聚体的形成机制。     

Generating synthetic time series from Bak-Sneppen co-evolution model mixtures

The Bak-Sneppen model of co-evolution is used to derive synthetic time series with a priori specified fractal dimension (or Hurst exponent) through a mixing of processes in various lattice dimensions. Both theoretical and numerical analyses concern the avalanches at the critical threshold and provide a model for time series reconstruction that can be tested as an alternative to the classical fractional Brownian motion (fBm) because of differences in properties. New results on critical threshold and avalanche structure are obtained up to Euclidean dimension d=6. The method involves a lattice-based structure and therefore is suitable for the application of parallel computing.     

有耗分形粗糙面电磁散射的相位微扰法

本文采用Weierstrass－Mandelbrot分形函数描述粗糙表面,根据粗糙面的电磁散射理论,利用相位微抗法推导出有耗分形粗糙介质表面电磁散射系数的理论计算公式。     

基于分级匹配和分形插值的图像压缩编码

本文在分形方块图像编码的基础上,提出一种分级匹配分形编码和分形插值相结合的图像压缩方法,实验结果表明,在基本保持重建图像质量的前提下,编码时间大为缩短。     

Rate processes on fractals: Theory,simulations, and experiments

Heterogeneous kinetics are shown to differ drastically from homogeneous kinetics. For the elementary reaction A + A products we show that the diffusion-limited reaction rate is proportional tot ^– h[A]² or to [A]^x, whereh=1- d _s/2, X=1+2/d _s =(h-2)(h-1), andd _s is the effective spectral dimension. We note that ford = d _s =1, h =1/2 andX = 3, for percolating clustersd _s = 4/3,h = 1/3 andX = 5/2, while for dust ds <1, 1 >h > 1/2 and >X > 3. Scaling arguments, supercomputer simulations and experiments give a consistent picture. The interplay of energetic and geometric heterogeneity results in fractal-like kinetics and is relevant to excitation fusion experiments in porous membranes, films, and polymeric glasses. However, in isotopic mixed crystals, the geometric fractal nature (percolation clusters) dominates.     

The application of Hölder exponent to traffic congestion warning

In this paper, we applied multifractal modeling techniques to analyze the traffic data collected from the Beijing Yuquanying. The results indicated that multifractal characteristics obviously exist in the traffic system; the degree of fractality of these traffic data tends to increase as the traffic system becomes congested; the Hölder exponent that measures the local rate of fractality may be used as indicators to predict the presence of the traffic congestion.     

一种类分形结构光子晶体的能带

用时域有限差分方法计算了一种类分形结构光子晶体的能带.数值计算结果表明,这种结构的光子晶体在介质柱、空气背景的情况下具有不完全带隙.而且,其能带结构随着级数的增大在整体地趋向于低频的同时,能带结构也趋于稳定.     

提升小波变换与分形相结合的图像压缩

提出了一种提升小波变换与分形相结合的图像压缩方案.充分利用小波变换后系数能量的分布特性,对提升小波变换后的低频部分采用改进的分形图像压缩编码,其余部分采用集合分裂嵌入块(SPECK)编码算法.试验结果表明,该方法在提高了压缩效率的同时,获得了较高的恢复图像质量.     

时频域分形维数分析的光谱信号重叠峰解析算法

由于光谱谱线存在自然展宽、多普勒展宽、碰撞展宽等,使混合气体中多种成分的吸收光谱信号出现相邻谱峰重叠现象,给混合气体组成成分的定性或定量检测带来较大的困难。现有的方法在获取先验知识、处理精度、运算效率等方面存在不足。提出基于时频域分形维数分析的光谱信号重叠峰解析算法,结合小波的多尺度观测能力和分形的自相似度的度量能力,识别、定位和解析光谱信号中的重叠峰。首先利用小波对具有重叠谱峰的光谱信号进行光谱频率域和尺度域的分析,然后对该时频域的光谱信号在同一光谱频率下的多尺度数据进行自相似性度量和分形计算。逐频率计算后得到光谱信号在频率域的分形维数曲线。该曲线体现了光谱信号在不同尺度的自相似性,其极值位置与光谱信号的各独立峰的位置具有相关性。依据此特性,结合分形曲线的特征参数,最后利用神经网络解析出对应混合气体成分的混叠在一起的各个独立谱峰。该方法利用小波的多分辨率特性,对信号进行不同尺度的精细度量。分形模型则提高了系统解析复杂信号的能力,对重叠程度高的多谱峰重叠信号也有很强的处理能力。借助人工神经网络,实现了整个算法的自动测量。通过实验结果分析,验证了算法的有效性,并讨论影响算法效果的主要因素。