"信息"到底是什么?--限于无生命、物质和科学领域的讨论

本文在无生命、物质和科学三个限制的前提下讨论“信息”到底是什么.依次论证：（1）自然科学没有能力度量信息的“质”,只能讨论信息的“量”;（2）“信息熵”只是度量信息“量”的概念;（3）在无生命的物质科学领域内,信息熵完全等价于Boltzmann熵,对应于实验中的热熵;（4）运用Occam剃刀原理,信息熵和Boltzmann熵两个名词只能留下其中的任意一个;（5）“熵”取决于体系的微观状态总数,即最终取决于热运动引起的分子核骨架的动态变化.于是,在无生命、物质和科学三个限制的领域内“信息”只是望文生义的产物.     

一种实用的信号类型诊断方法及其在船舶辐射噪声中的应用

对一种基于ＫＳＷ理论的信号类型诊断方法进行了深入的研究,并将此方法用于船舶辐射噪声的分析中,为进一步了解船舶辐射噪声的特性提供了新的途径。另外,还发现,本方法不仅可以准确地诊断信号的类型,而且可以用来检验信号重构的质量．     

基于自适应动量估计优化器与空变最小熵准则的SAR图像船舶目标自聚焦算法

在SAR散焦船舶图像中,部分船舶目标的散焦现象具有沿距离向空变的特性.针对此类散焦船舶目标,该文提出了一种基于自适应动量估计优化器与空变最小熵准则的SAR图像船舶目标自聚焦算法,该算法直接对复图像进行处理,可以实现对任意阶次相位误差的补偿.在仿真数据和GF-3数据上的实验结果表明,所提算法可以有效地实现SAR图像空变散...     

从银电极上氢析出的温度效应得到的反应动力学启示

利用循环伏安法研究了多晶银电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄溶液中氢析出反应的温度效应. 发现当从析氢起始电位负向扫描至零电荷电位(-0.4 V)时,氢析出反应的表观活化能(E_a,app)和指前因子(A)均随着电势的负移而增大(对应的E_a,app从24 kJ/mol增大至32 kJ/mol).继续负向扫描至零电荷电位以后,E_a,app随电势的负移而减小但A不随电势变化. 推测E_a,app和A在零     

Calculations of Two and Three-Body Correlation Entropies at the Freezing Points of Soft-Core Fluids: Effect of the Softness on the Correlation Entropy

Two and three-body correlation entropies of model fluids, in which particles interact each other through the 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th-inverse-power potentials, were calculated from their atomic configurations obtained by molecular dynamics simulations at their freezing points. Besides the soft-core fluid model with the inverse-power potentials, hard-sphere and classical one-component plasma models were employed to provide a comparison with the entropies of the soft-core model. The correlation entropies were plotted as a function of the softness of the potential. These values were also compared with the excess entropies of the hard-sphere and the one-component plasma models at their freezing points.     

Footnotes to the history of statistical mechanics: In Boltzmann’s words

Although Ludwig Boltzmann was one of the primary founders of the field of statistical mechanics, very few contemporary physicists have actually read his papers. As a result, some of his ideas have been distorted or even lost over the course of time. In this paper, I will discuss some of the reasons for the neglect of Boltzmann’s writings and try to reintroduce one of his most important ideas, the definition of entropy.     

Entropy, independent sets and antichains: A new approach to Dedekind's problem

For -regular, -vertex bipartite graphs with bipartition , a precise bound is given for the sum over independent sets of the quantity . (In other language, this is bounding the partition function for certain instances of the hard-core model.) This result is then extended to graded partially ordered sets, which in particular provides a simple proof of a well-known bound for Dedekind's Problem given by Kleitman and Markowsky in 1975.

     

ENTROPY IMMUNITY OF FEEDFORWARD NETWORKS

Siegenthaler's“Correlation Immunity”concept has been improved in this paper.From practical points of view,the new concept is more powerful than the original one in avoid-ing the trade-off between“the order of correlation immunity”and“the linear complexity”of keystreams in cipher system.Bent functions are also introduced into the studies of linear approxima-tion and entropy immunity for feedforward networks.New results and new methods are presentedalso.     

Algebraic -actions of entropy rank one

We investigate algebraic -actions of entropy rank one, namely those for which each element has finite entropy. Such actions can be completely described in terms of diagonal actions on products of local fields using standard adelic machinery. This leads to numerous alternative characterizations of entropy rank one, both geometric and algebraic. We then compute the measure entropy of a class of skew products, where the fiber maps are elements from an algebraic -action of entropy rank one. This leads, via the relative variational principle, to a formula for the topological entropy of continuous skew products as the maximum of a finite number of topological pressures. We use this to settle a conjecture concerning the relational entropy of commuting toral automorphisms.