Er3＋-Yb3＋-Mo6＋共掺杂ZrO2-Al2 O3固溶体的上转换发光

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Al2 O3含量由低到高的ZrO2-Al2 O3固溶体,并研究了固溶体的晶相结构以及稀土Er3＋在固溶体中的上转换发光增强机制。XRD结果表明固溶体为四方晶相ZrO2结构,Al2 O3的最高固溶度约为20 mol％。上转换发光光谱分析表明,Er3＋掺杂ZrO2室温下具有绿色上转换荧光发射,通过共掺杂Yb3＋和M o6＋离子,使得Er3＋掺杂ZrO2的绿色上转换发光强度增强了约20倍,获得了明亮的黄绿色上转换发光。基质ZrO2通过与Al2 O3固溶形成复合氧化物,由于产生的大量氧空位缺陷的能级与Er3＋的4 F7/2能级高度相接近,增强了Yb3＋-MoO2-4基团（2 F7/2,3 T2）能级向Er3＋的4 F7/2能级的能量传递。通过形成固溶体复合氧化物基质材料,使得Er3＋的绿色上转换发光在获得20倍增强的基础上又提高了8倍。绿色与红色上转换发光比例的变化也提高了材料的色纯度,上转换发光由黄绿色变为纯绿色。     

Micro-economic analysis of the physical constrained markets: game theory application to competitive electricity markets

Competition has been introduced in the electricity markets with the goal of reducing prices and improving efficiency. The basic idea which stays behind this choice is that, in competitive markets, a greater quantity of the good is exchanged at a lower price, leading to higher market efficiency. Electricity markets are pretty different from other commodities mainly due to the physical constraints related to the network structure that may impact the market performance. The network structure of the system on which the economic transactions need to be undertaken poses strict physical and operational constraints. Strategic interactions among producers that game the market with the objective of maximizing their producer surplus must be taken into account when modeling competitive electricity markets. The physical constraints, specific of the electricity markets, provide additional opportunity of gaming to the market players. Game theory provides a tool to model such a context. This paper discussed the application of game theory to physical constrained electricity markets with the goal of providing tools for assessing the market performance and pinpointing the critical network constraints that may impact the market efficiency. The basic models of game theory specifically designed to represent the electricity markets will be presented. IEEE30 bus test system of the constrained electricity market will be discussed to show the network impacts on the market performances in presence of strategic bidding behavior of the producers.     

Colored LiF: an optical material for all seasons

Colored LiF salt has been always considered a singular optical material among alkali halides and other dielectric crystals for its peculiar characteristics, which in due time have been applied with success in thermoluminescence and laser technology. Lately, while the two previous topics have been revived, new relevant results have been obtained in the optoelectronic field by using both bulk crystals and newly characterized thin films. In practice, miniaturized photoluminescent patterns can be produced rather easily by using low-energy electron beams and soft X-rays. So, LiF salt is becoming a new interesting photonic material with promising developments in basic reasearch and applications as well.     

软门限去噪法在X射线能谱分析中的应用

从函数空间的剖分和理想滤波器组的角度分析了多分辨率信号的分解与重构，提出了一种X射线能谱去噪的方法，即应用Mallat算法对谱信号进行小波分解，然后应用一个非线性软门限函数在小波域内将噪声抑制和消除，最后重构得到去噪后的能谱。该方法明显改善了能谱定量分析的结果。     

偏硅酸钙中Pr3+的4f5d态的光谱特性及Pr3+→Gd3+的能量传递

合成了高效发射UV光的CaSiO3:Pr^3 新型荧光体，研究了室温下Pr^3 的4f5d态的发射和激发光谱，Pr^3 的4f5d态的最低子能级向4f^2组态的^3H4，^3H6和^1G4能级跃迁产生UV发射，并不伴随有4f-4f能级跃迁的可见光发射。Pr^3 的浓度猝灭是由于辐射和无辐射能量传递造成的，同时，在CaSiO3中，存在Pr^3 →Cd^3 的能量传递，探讨了其能量传递特性。     

声纳方程的瞬态形式讨论

本文提出用瞬态信号的能谱级代替稳态信号的声强级来定义声纳参数，并以短柱声散射为例，运用数值模拟方法，验证用能谱级定义声纳参数，声纳方程是比较有效的，这为应用声纳方程处理瞬态声信号从而获得目标强度提供了一种有效可行的方法。     

Langendorff灌流心脏的31P NMR谱测定

测定了Langendorff灌流大鼠和兔心脏的³¹P NMR谱.观测到PCr、ATP、SP、P_i以及PME和GPC等含磷代谢物的共振峰,各谱峰之间实现了很好的分辨.在3~5min的累加时间内测得的图谱具有较好的S/N,可用于以上含磷代谢物的定量测定,以高能含磷化合物ATP和PCr相对峰强度以及冠脉流量的变化对灌流大鼠心脏代谢的稳定性进行了考察,结果表明,在本实验条件下大鼠心脏的能量储存至少可稳定2h,用所建方法以3min的时间间隔对同一大鼠心脏缺血21min及再灌注12min过程中心脏的³¹P NMR谱进行了连续跟踪测定,并初步观测了缺血及再灌注过程中心肌细胞内ATP、PCr与P_i之间的消长关系.     

Quantum dots in quantum well structures

Recent progress toward fabricating and characterizing quantum dots in III–V quantum well structures is reviewed. Quantum dots made by use of lithography and etching, including deep-etched, barrier-modulated, strain-induced and interdiffused quantum dots, are described. Quantum dots fabricated by growth, including natural quantum dots, dots on patterned substrates, and self-assembled dots, are discussed. Dot sizes and uniformity, energy-level splittings, and luminescence efficiencies that are now being achieved are discussed. The status of key issues, such as the energy relaxation in quantum dots, is mentioned.     

An exhaustive criterion for estimating quality of images in electrical impedance tomography with application to clinical imaging

This study proposes a versatile criterion for estimating quality of images in electrical impedance tomography. The point spread function (PSF) is calculated throughout the domain based on the scattering of energy as responses to a small anomaly spirally moved from the centre to the boundary. The proposed PSF is a measure of weighted spatial variance (WSV) of the conductivity over the whole domain. For each element, the weighting factor is a normalized multiplication of the area of that element by its square intensity. The WSV collectively incorporates all image attributes, i.e., spatial resolution, artifact, amplitude response, positioning error and shape deformation. The location of artifacts, which significantly influences reconstructed images in reality, is taken into account as well. The results illustrate that the proposed measure is more tolerant than existing criteria in evaluating performance of EIT systems in both theory and practice.     

带冷凝热回收的家用空调器的研究

随着生活水平的提高,家用空调器的使用逐年增加.空调器在夏季向室内供冷的同时,不仅给室外环境造成了热污染,而且还造成了能源的浪费.因此,很多学者都提出了空调冷凝热回收理论并进行了实验研究.文中分析了在家用空调器回收冷凝热的可行性及研究现状;介绍了家用空调器采用的冷凝热回收系统的形式及其分类;提出了一种带冷凝热回收装置的多...