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101.
A master equation is used to study transitions between the stable limit cycle and stable focus in the two-variable bistable system. The distribution function of the mean first passage time between these attractors and the relative dispersion of the mean first return time from the stable focus to itself as a function of the intensity of fluctuations are calculated and discussed. A coherence resonance is observed for the return time from the focus to itself. 相似文献
102.
Bifurcations of reaction channels are related to valley-ridge inflection points and it is examined what happens when these do not coincide with transition states. Under such conditions there result bifurcating regions. There exist a number of different prototypes for such regions which are discussed explicitly on the basis of the pertinent Taylor expansions. When bifurcations occur close enough to transition states then there result bifurcating transition regions. An example for a bifurcating transition region is exhibited which is obtained from a quantum mechanical ab initio calculation for the ring opening of cyclopropylidene to aliene. In general there exist no orthogonal trajectory patterns which could serve as simplified models for channel bifurcations.Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-82. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences 相似文献
103.
Vesselin Dimitrov 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(3):831-846
A classification of binary oxide glasses has been proposed taking into account the values obtained on their refractive index-based oxide ion polarizability αO2−(n0), optical basicity Λ(n0), metallization criterion M(n0), interaction parameter A(n0), and ion's effective charges as well as O1s and metal binding energies determined by XPS. Four groups of oxide glasses have been established: glasses formed by two glass-forming acidic oxides; glasses formed by glass-forming acidic oxide and modifier's basic oxide; glasses formed by glass-forming acidic and conditional glass-forming basic oxide; glasses formed by two basic oxides. The role of electronic ion polarizability in chemical bonding of oxide glasses has been also estimated. Good agreement has been found with the previous results concerning classification of simple oxides. The results obtained probably provide good basis for prediction of type of bonding in oxide glasses on the basis of refractive index as well as for prediction of new nonlinear optical materials. 相似文献
104.
We consider quantum unbounded spin systems (lattice boson systems) in -dimensional lattice space Z. Under appropriate conditions on the interactions we prove that in a region of high temperatures the Gibbs state is unique, is translationally invariant, and has clustering properties. The main methods we use are the Wiener integral representation, the cluster expansions for zero boundary conditions and for general Gibbs state, and explicitly -dependent probability estimates. For one-dimensional systems we show the uniqueness of Gibbs states for any value of temperature by using the method of perturbed states. We also consider classical unbounded spin systems. We derive necessary estimates so that all of the results for the quantum systems hold for the classical systems by straightforward applications of the methods used in the quantum case. 相似文献
105.
We consider the Hopfield model withM(N)=N patterns, whereN is the number of neurons. We show that if is sufficiently small and the temperature sufficiently low, then there exist disjoint Gibbs states for each of the stored patterns, almost surely with respect to the distribution of the random patterns. This solves a provlem left open in previous work. The key new ingredient is a self-averaging result on the free energy functional. This result has considerable additional interest and some consequences are discussed. A similar result for the free energy of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model is also given. 相似文献
106.
Residual stresses are found in the majority of multilayer thin film structures used in modem technology. The measurement and modeling of such stress fields and the elucidation of their effects on structural reliability and device operation have been a “growth area” in the literature, with contributions from authors in various scientific and engineering disciplines.
In this article the measurement of the residual stresses in thin film structures with X-ray diffraction techniques is reviewed and the interpretation of such data and their relationship to mechanical reliability concerns are discussed. 相似文献
107.
The High Temperature Superconductors are characterized by a very anisotropical structure and by typical arrangements of Cu- and O-atoms within CuO2-planes. In studying the electronic structure of these compounds there is a strong demand for high resolution valence band spectroscopy. Using an electron probe microanalyzer we study the X-ray emission of O-Kga and Cu-L emerging from polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7 and Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10. The O-K emission band is analyzed using a chlinochlore crystal in (001) orientation (2d = 28.4 Å). For the Cu-L emission band we use a beryl crystal in (10¯10) orientation (2d = 15.9 Å). Furthermore, orientation dependent X-ray emission spectroscopy of single-crystalline YBa2Cu3O7 and Tl2Ba2Ca1Cu2O8 specimens was performed. We present the partial O-K spectra which represent the O-2p ( = x, y, z) electronic densities of states of the valence band and compare them with calculated data. 相似文献
108.
Zhao-Yang Yin Yang Chen Yang-Yang Zhang Yu Yuan Qian Yang Ya-Nan Zhong Xu Gao Jing Xiao Zhao-Kui Wang Jian-Long Xu Sui-Dong Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(33):2302199
Minimizing reverse bias dark current density (Jdark) while retaining high external quantum efficiency is crucial for promising applications of perovskite photodiodes, and it remains challenging to elucidate the ultimate origin of Jdark. It is demonstrated in this study that the surface defects induced by iodine vacancies are the main cause of Jdark in perovskite photodiodes. In a targeted way, the surface defects are thoroughly passivated through a simple treatment with butylamine hydroiodide to form ultrathin 2D perovskite on its 3D bulk. In the passivated perovskite photodiodes, Jdark as low as 3.78 × 10-10 A cm-2 at -0.1 V is achieved, and the photoresponse is also enhanced, especially at low light intensities. A combination of the two improvements realizes high specific detectivity up to 1.46 × 1012 Jones in the devices. It is clarified that the trap states induced by the surface defects can not only raise the generation-recombination current density associated with the Shockley–Read–Hall mechanisms in the dark (increasing Jdark), but also provide additional carrier recombination paths under light illumination (decreasing photocurrent). The critical role of surface defects on Jdark of perovskite photodiodes suggests that making trap-free perovskite thin films, for example, by fine preparation and/or surface engineering, is a top priority for high-performance perovskite photodiodes. 相似文献
109.
Kexin Wang Junhui Cao Xiaoxuan Yang Xiahan Sang Siyu Yao Rong Xiang Bin Yang Zhongjian Li Thomas O'Carroll Qinghua Zhang Lecheng Lei Gang Wu Yang Hou 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(16):2212321
Designing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for facilitating its sluggish adsorption kinetics is crucial in generating green hydrogen via sustainable water electrolysis. Herein, a high-performance ultra-low Ruthenium (Ru) catalyst is developed consisting of atomically-layered Ru nanoclusters with adjacent single Ru sites, which executs a bridging-Ru-H activation strategy to kinetically accelerate the HER elementary steps. Owing to its optimal electronic structure and unique adsorption configuration, the hybrid Ru catalyst simultaneously displayed a drastically reduced overpotential of 16 mV at 10 mA cm−2 as well as a low Tafel slope of 35.2 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte. When further coupled with a commercial IrO2 anode catalyst, the ensembled anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer achievs a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 at a voltage of only 1.70 Vcell. In situ spectroscopic analysis verified that Ru single atom and atomically-layered Ru nanoclusters in the hybrid materials play a critical role in facilitating water dissociation and weakening *H adsorption, respectively. Theoretical calculations further elucidate the underlaying mechanism, suggesting that the dissociated proton at the single atom Ru site orients itself adjacently with Ru nanoclusters in a bridged structure through targeted charge transfer, thus promoting Volmer-Heyrovsky dynamics and boosting the HER activity. 相似文献
110.
Jine Zhang Xiaobing Chen Mengqin Wang Qinghua Zhang Wenxiao Shi Xiaozhi Zhan Meng Zhao Zhe Li Jie Zheng Hui Zhang Furong Han Huaiwen Yang Tao Zhu Banggui Liu Fengxia Hu Baogen Shen Yuansha Chen Yue Zhang Yunzhong Chen Weisheng Zhao Jirong Sun 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(41):2306434
Ferromagnetic materials with a strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their exotic properties and potential applications in energy-efficient spintronics. However, such materials are scarce in nature. Here, a proximity-induced paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition for the heavy transition metal oxide CaRuO3 in (001)-(LaMnO3/CaRuO3) superlattices is reported. Anomalous Hall effect is observed in the temperature range up to 180 K. Maximal anomalous Hall conductivity and anomalous Hall angle are as large as ∼15 Ω−1 cm−1 and ∼0.93%, respectively, by one to two orders of magnitude larger than those of the typical 3d ferromagnetic oxides such as La0.67Sr0.33MnO3. Density functional theory calculations indicate the existence of avoid band crossings in the electronic band structure of the ferromagnetic CRO layer, which enhances Berry curvature thus strong anomalous Hall effects. Further evidences from polarized neutron reflectometry show that the CaRuO3 layers are in a fully ferromagnetic state (∼0.8 μB/Ru), in sharp contrast to the proximity-induced canted antiferromagnetic state in 5d oxides SrIrO3 and CaIrO3 (∼0.1 μB/Ir). More than that, the magnetic anisotropy of the (001)-(LaMnO3/CaRuO3) superlattices is eightfold symmetric, showing potential applications in the technology of multistate data storage. 相似文献