叶酸介导的靶向性钆造影剂的制备及弛豫性能研究

在弱碱性的条件下，叶酸活化酯与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)反应生成叶酸-牛血清白蛋白偶联物(叶酸-BSA)，该偶联物再与二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)的酸酐反应，最后与GdCl₃进行螯合制得叶酸-BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n。配合物的结构通过紫外光谱法进行了鉴定，并定量测定了配合物中叶酸、Gd-DTPA对BSA的偶联率。通过测定配合物的体外弛豫时间T₁，进一步分析其弛豫性能R₁。结果表明本研究制得的叶酸-BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n配合物中叶酸的偶联率约为5，体外弛豫性能R1约为6×10^-3 L·mmol^-1·ms^-1，与未偶联叶酸的BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n的弛豫性能无显著性差异，且比小分子Gd-DTPA的弛豫性能提高了3倍左右。     

Smart Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy: A Review

Cancer is a group of disorders characterized by uncontrolled cell growth that affects around 11 million people each year globally. Nanocarrier-based systems are extensively used in cancer imaging, diagnostics as well as therapeutics; owing to their promising features and potential to augment therapeutic efficacy. The focal point of research remains to develop new-fangled smart nanocarriers that can selectively respond to cancer-specific conditions and deliver medications to target cells efficiently. Nanocarriers deliver loaded therapeutic cargos to the tumour site either in a passive or active mode, with the least drug elimination from the drug delivery systems. This review chiefly focuses on current advances allied to smart nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, quantum dots, micelles, superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, to list a few. Exhaustive discussion on crucial topics like drug targeting, surface decorated smart-nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive cancer nanotherapeutics responding to temperature, enzyme, pH and redox stimuli have been covered.     

Photodynamic Therapy with Tumor Cell Discrimination through RNA-Targeting Ability of Photosensitizer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an effective treatment to cure cancer. The targeting ability of the photosensitizer is of utmost importance. Photosensitizers that discriminate cancer cells can avoid the killing of normal cells and improve PDT efficacy. However, the design and synthesis of photosensitizers conjugated with a recognition unit of cancer cell markers is complex and may not effectively target cancer. Considering that the total RNA content in cancer cells is commonly higher than in normal cells, this study has developed the photosensitizer QICY with RNA-targeting abilities for the discrimination of cancer cells. QICY was specifically located in cancer cells rather than normal cells due to their stronger electrostatic interactions with RNA, thereby further improving the PDT effects on the cancer cells. After intravenous injection into mice bearing a xenograft tumor, QICY accumulated into the tumor location through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, automatically targeted cancer cells under the control of RNA, and inhibited tumor growth under 630 nm laser irradiation without obvious side effects. This intelligent photosensitizer with RNA-targeting ability not only simplifies the design and synthesis of cancer-cell-targeting photosensitizers but also paves the way for the further development of highly efficient PDTs.     

国外网络化作战及其关键技术的进展

近年来,国外网络化作战的理论和实践得到了持续稳步的发展,总体发展态势是更向战术应用层面发展.数据链、信息融合、网络瞄准、无线自组网等一系列关键技术的不断发展为网络化作战理论和概念付诸实践提供了技术支持和保障.     

含靶向和造影双功能基的PEO的合成

含靶向和造影双功能基的PEO的合成;泛影酸;磺胺嘧啶钠;靶向性;造影剂;聚环氧乙烷;开环聚合     

光电对抗装备的分类及其分析

光电对抗装备现已大量装备各国的陆、海、空三军,成为军事装备现代化的一个重要标志。光电对抗装备具有手段多样的特点,为了加深对光电对抗装备的理解,适当的分类是必须的。主要介绍了光电对抗装备的发展和应用,讨论了已有光电对抗装备的分类方法,并从装备效能评估的角度出发,提出了按功能对光电对抗装备进行分类的方法。     

Feedback law design and the Liapunov approach

We study the problem of designing targeting-type feedback control laws for systems with state and control constraints. A systematic approach to this problem is described in terms of a number of Liapunov-like criteria. This approach is presented in tutorial form and is illustrated by means of two examples having some background in the literature.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-8210284.     

作战平台的光电隐身技术

详细论述了光电隐身的概念。叙述了光电隐身在飞机、舰船、战车上应用情况，以及它在未来战争中的重要性。     

A model for predicting magnetic targeting of multifunctional particles in the microvasculature

A mathematical model is presented for predicting magnetic targeting of multifunctional carrier particles that are designed to deliver therapeutic agents to malignant tissue in vivo. These particles consist of a nonmagnetic core material that contains embedded magnetic nanoparticles and therapeutic agents such as photodynamic sensitizers. For in vivo therapy, the particles are injected into the vascular system upstream from malignant tissue, and captured at the tumor using an applied magnetic field. The applied field couples to the magnetic nanoparticles inside the carrier particle and produces a force that attracts the particle to the tumor. In noninvasive therapy, the applied field is produced by a permanent magnet positioned outside the body. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for predicting noninvasive magnetic targeting of therapeutic carrier particles in the microvasculature. The model takes into account the dominant magnetic and fluidic forces on the particles and leads to an analytical expression for predicting their trajectory. An analytical expression is also derived for predicting the volume fraction of embedded magnetic nanoparticles required to ensure capture of the carrier particle at the tumor. The model enables rapid parametric analysis of magnetic targeting as a function of key variables including the size of the carrier particle, the properties and volume fraction of the embedded magnetic nanoparticles, the properties of the magnet, the microvessel, the hematocrit of the blood and its flow rate.     

In vitro study of ferromagnetic stents for implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting

Implant-assisted-magnetic drug targeting (IA-MDT) was studied in vitro using a coiled ferromagnetic wire stent made from stainless steel 430 or 304, and magnetic drug carrier particle (MDCP) surrogates composed of poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) embedded with 20 wt% magnetite. The fluid velocity, particle concentration, magnetic field strength, and stent material all proved to be important for capturing the MDCP surrogates. Overall, this in vitro study further confirmed the important role of the ferromagnetic implant for attracting and retaining MDCPs at the target zone.