Multifunctional Small Molecule Fluorophore for Long‐Duration Tumor‐Targeted Monitoring and Dual Modal Phototherapy

In this work, a specific tumor‐targeted small molecular fluorophore for synchronous long‐duration cancer imaging, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy is synthesized. This novel fluorophore exhibits specific targeting ability in certain tumors (U87MG, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, etc.) based on its inherent structure and efficiently generates local hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species simultaneously for imaging‐guided precise cancer therapy combining the photothermic and photodynamic effects under laser irradiation. Meanwhile, compared to traditional near infrared fluorophore, this novel fluorophore with significantly enhanced stability against photobleaching can prolong the time of tumor imaging and improve the phototherapy efficiency. This work presents a potential strategy to develop small‐molecule‐based cancer theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer targeting, imaging, and therapy.     

Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Glioma

Effective intracerebral delivery is key for glioma treatment. However, the drug delivery system within the brain is largely limited by its own adverse physical and chemical properties, low targeting efficiency, the blood–brain barrier and the blood–brain tumor barrier. Herein, we developed a simple, safe and efficient biomimetic nanosuspension. The C6 cell membrane (CCM) was utilized to camouflaged the 10-hydroxycamptothecin nanosuspension (HCPT-NS) in order to obtain HCPT-NS/CCM. Through the use of immune escape and homotypic binding of the cancer cell membrane, HCPT-NS/CCM was able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and target tumors. The HCPT-NS is only comprised of drugs, as well as a small amount of stabilizers that are characterized by a simple preparation method and high drug loading. Similarly, the HCPT-NS/CCM is able to achieve targeted treatment of glioma without any ligand modification, which leads it to be stable and efficient. Cellular uptake and in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that HCPT-NS/CCM is able to effectively cross the blood–brain barrier and was concentrated at the glioma site due to the natural homing pathway. Our results reveal that the glioma cancer cell membrane is able to promote drug transport into the brain and enter the tumor via a homologous targeting mechanism.     

Advances in Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

Biomimetic nanoparticles have recently emerged as a novel drug delivery platform to improve drug biocompatibility and specificity at the desired disease site, especially the tumour microenvironment. Conventional nanoparticles often encounter rapid clearance by the immune system and have poor drug-targeting effects. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides an opportunity to integrate different types of biomaterials onto the surface of nanoparticles, which enables them to mimic the natural biological features and functions of the cells. This mimicry strategy favours the escape of biomimetic nanoparticles from clearance by the immune system and reduces potential toxic side effects. Despite the rapid development in this field, not much has progressed to the clinical stage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop biomimetic-based nanomedicine to produce a highly specific and effective drug delivery system, especially for malignant tumours, which can be used for clinical purposes. Here, the recent developments for various types of biomimetic nanoparticles are discussed, along with their applications for cancer imaging and treatments.     

Polarisation-insensitive strip-loaded waveguide for electro-optic modulators and switches

A polarisation-insensitive electro-optic (EO) waveguide consisting of a dye-doped TiO₂/SiO₂ slab and a SU-8 strip-loaded rib is designed and fabricated. By optimizing the refractive index and size of waveguide, a trade-off between polarisation-insensitive condition and large EO efficiency (optical field interaction with the EO material) is obtained. The average transmission loss of the waveguide is less than 2.0 dB/cm. A Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer intensity modulator based on this waveguide with excellent poling stability is fabricated and measured, exhibiting 7 V half-wave voltage with 1.8 cm EO interaction length and 2.7 cm total length. This strip-loaded structure is proved to be a valuable application in EO modulators and switches.     

乙基橙-溴酸钾体系动力学光度法测定痕量甲醛

研究了在稀H2SO4介质中,痕量甲醛催化KBrO3氧化乙基橙褪色反应的适宜条件和影响因素,建立了测定痕量甲醛的动力学光度法。方法采用固定时间法于507 nm波长处测量体系的吸光度,在适宜条件下,ΔA与甲醛质量浓度具有良好的线性关系,方法的线性范围为0~0.24 mg/L,检出限为0.004 mg/L。该方法用于饮料、废水和废气中痕量甲醛的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD≤3%(n=6),回收率为102%。     

光电对抗作战应用及其装备系统

给出了光电对抗的基本概念和涵盖光电侦察、光电进攻、光电防御三个作战方面;指出光电对抗具有的自身特点;深入分析了光电对抗的主要作战应用．并以图、表形式总结归纳出光电对抗装备与措施,提供了光电对抗应用分析框架．     

先进战斗机光电传感器综合系统及其光电对抗技术

介绍了美国第四代F-22、F-35;俄罗斯第五代S-37、“米格”1.44以及欧洲三代半战斗机法国“阵风”、欧洲/台风战斗机的光电传感器综合系统以及光电对抗系统的现状,重点研究了分布孔径系统、定向红外对抗、新型红外诱饵的发展.     

靶向性多肽修饰荧光功能化碳纳米管的制备及靶向肿瘤细胞的初步研究

以羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-OH)为引发剂,通过原位负离子开环聚合制备了生物相容性多羟基超支化聚缩水甘油接枝的碳纳米管(MWNT-HPG),利用酯化反应将荧光分子罗丹明6B标记于聚合物上,然后聚合物上的羟基和丁二酸酐反应将其转化为羧基.用TGA、FTIR、TEM、SEM等手段对产物进行了表征.用靶向表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的小分子多肽D4修饰了所得的荧光功能化碳纳米管,并将其做为受体介导靶向肿瘤细胞的纳米载体,通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法评价功能化碳纳米管作为载体的安全性.用荧光显微镜观察其与人肺腺癌细胞SPCAI细胞的结合状态.结果证明了其有希望成为受体介导靶向肿瘤系统的纳米载体.     

两亲嵌段共聚物胶束用作医用材料

两亲嵌段共聚物可以在水溶液中自组装形成亲水性链段为外壳、疏水性链段为内核的胶束,这种胶束能够用作药物载体而引起人们极大的关注。本文综述了两亲嵌段共聚物胶束用作医用材料的研究进展,主要内容包括医用两亲嵌段共聚物的种类,胶束化,以及用作诊断试剂载体、药物缓释载体、靶向载体等。两亲嵌段共聚物胶束用作磁共振造影剂载体有利于肿瘤的诊断,用作药物缓释载体可以有效增溶难溶性抗肿瘤药物,延长药物在体内的血液循环时间。此外,通过对胶束表面进行修饰或者施加外场,还可以实现靶向功能。因此,两亲嵌段共聚物胶束在医用材料领域有着广阔的发展前景。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物-紫杉醇靶向抗肿瘤缀合物的合成及评价

以促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)为靶向配体, 以紫杉醇为抗癌因子, 分别以硫醚键和二硫键为连接臂, 设计合成了2个靶向抗肿瘤缀合物. 研究了缀合物的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性和GnRH受体结合活性, 结果表明, 2个缀合物均具有较强的抗肿瘤活性和GnRH受体亲和力; 另外, 血浆稳定性实验结果显示, 以硫醚键偶联的缀合物1在血浆中孵育24 h, 原型保留仍在50%以上, 具有较高的稳定性.