A novel slot scheduling technique for duty-cycle based data transmission for wireless sensor network

The duty cycling process involves turning a radio into an active and dormant state for conserving energy. It is a promising approach for designing routing protocols for a resource-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In the duty cycle-based WSNs, the network lifetime is improved and the network transmission is increased as compared to conventional routing protocols. In this study, the active period of the duty cycle is divided into slots that can minimize the idle listening problem. The slot scheduling technique helps determine the most efficient node that uses the active period. The proposed routing protocol uses the opportunistic concept to minimize the sender waiting problem. Therefore, the forwarder set will be selected according to the node's residual active time and energy. Further, the optimum routing path is selected to achieve the minimum forwarding delay from the source to the destination. Simulation analysis reveals that the proposed routing scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of the average transmission delay, energy consumption, and network throughput.     

基于占空比前馈的储能电池系统控制方法

本文提出一种基于占空比前馈的储能电池系统控制方法,该方法针对电池充电与放电两种状态下控制系统PWM调制特点,设定两种不同的占空比前馈增量算法,以提升双向DC-DC变换器Buck模式与Boost模式的响应速度及稳定性。详细阐述了该控制方法的系统结构与前馈增量算法流程设计,并搭建了应用该方法的储能电池系统仿真模型。通过仿真...     

脉冲电场O/W乳状液破乳的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了水包油(O/W)型乳状液体系中重油油滴在脉冲电场中的聚集行为.通过改变电场占空比的模拟参数,探讨了一定电场强度下的油滴聚集行为,以及电场破乳时电场强度参数与占空比参数之间的联系.同时利用静电势分布、相互作用势能以及结合构象统计等分析方法,从微观角度说明在电场作用下油滴的电荷分布与聚集机制.模拟结果表明,在近0.40～0.75 V/nm范围内电场强度下,距离一定的重油滴聚集,低电场强度可通过增加占空比促使油滴聚集,且占空比随电场强度的增大而减小;油滴在电场中发生形变,油滴电荷出现两极化分布,带负电沥青质分子引导油滴朝电场反方向移动;无电场下聚集过程中沥青质处于两油滴界面,范德华作用力为油滴聚集的主要作用力,同时油滴界面沥青质分子与周围分子形成π-π结合构象,增强了油滴间的相互作用力.     

Realization of high capacity transmission in fiber optic communication systems using Absolute Polar Duty Cycle Division Multiplexing (AP-DCDM) technique

An electrical multiplexing technique, namely Absolute Polar Duty Cycle Division Multiplexing (AP-DCDM) is reported for high-speed optical fiber communication systems. It is demonstrated that 40 Gb/s (4 × 10 Gb/s) AP-DCDM system shows a clear advantage over conventional 40 Gb/s RZ-OOK with 50% duty cycle in terms of dispersion tolerance and spectral efficiency. At 40 Gb/s its tolerance to chromatic dispersion (CD) is 124 ps/nm and 194 ps/nm for the worst and the best user, respectively. These values are higher than that of 40 Gb/s RZ-OOK, which is around 100 ps/nm. The spectral efficiency, receiver sensitivity and OSNR for different number of channels are discussed. Comparison against other modulation formats namely duobinary, Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)-OOK and RZ-Differential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (RZ-DQPSK) at 40 Gb/s are made. It is shown that AP-DCDM has the best receiver sensitivity (−32 dBm) and better CD tolerance (±200 ps/nm) than NRZ-OOK and RZ-DQPSK. In reference to duobinary, AP-DCDM has better receiver sensitivity but worse dispersion tolerance.     

On duty cycle selection of RZ optical pulse to optimize the performance of dispersion compensated 10 Gbps single channel optical communication system using dispersion compensating fibers

We present results for duty cycle selection of optical RZ pulse to optimize the performance in 10 Gbps single channel dispersion compensated optical communication system. The system has link length of 240 km with two spans. Each of the spans consists of 120 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) of 16 ps/nm/km, whose chromatic dispersion is compensated using pre-, post- and symmetrical-dispersion compensation schemes by 24 km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) of −80 ps/nm/km. The performance of the three compensation schemes is compared by taking 8, 10, 12 and 14 dBm Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) power levels in the link with a duty cycle range (0.1-0.9) of RZ optical pulse. The graphical results obtained show a relationship among the duty cycle, EDFA power and dispersion compensation scheme which predicts the best performing duty cycle case. To optimize performance of the system, we recommend in general, duty cycle less than 0.3 and EDFA power below 8 dB irrespective of compensation scheme. However, with post compensation duty cycle less than 0.7 and EDFA power below 12 dBm give optimum performance. The results conclude that for the high value of duty cycle, post dispersion compensation scheme should be used.     

输出整流器占空比与反激式开关电源损耗关系的分析

该文通过分析输出整流器的导通占空比和变压器二次侧损耗、输出整流器导通损耗、输出滤波电容器损耗的关系,来调整输出整流器的导通占空比,优化输出端参数,降低反激式开关电源损耗.其有效性通过saber仿真实验得以验证.     

实现会计电算化意义深远

详细介绍了会计电算化的发展、电算化会计信息系统应用及对应用单位的要求、会计电算化的任务以及会计电算化的重大意义。     

分频光栅的衍射特性及误差分析

 基于标量衍射理论推导出了分频光栅的各级衍射效率公式，分析了分频光栅的衍射特性，发现入射光波在满足相应的相位延迟条件时，能被分频光栅以最大效率衍射进３个中央级次中的某一级。分析和比较了两种制作工艺中的刻蚀深度误差、占空比误差对衍射效率的影响。在惯性约束聚变（ICF）应用中，对于同一要求的３倍频光的衍射效率范围，两种工艺的刻蚀误差容限是相同的，但是两种工艺的相同刻蚀误差却带来不同的衍射效率。在不计其它误差时，占空比误差不会对３倍频光的衍射效率产生影响，但可以对基频光和2倍频光产生相反的影响，占空比误差还可以使基频光和2倍频光的主要衍射级次的效率都降低，同时增大它们的0级衍射效率。     

一种消除LED显示屏动态假轮廓的脉宽调制法

针对LED显示屏播放运动画面时的动态假轮廓问题,提出了集中式门控脉宽调制法.该方法在原有门控脉宽调制技术的基础上,将PWM周期中的小数场固定于周期的中间,然后计算整数权重位对应的子场数并将其紧邻小数场实现.分析和实验表明,集中式脉宽调制法具有与线性PWM相似的点亮时间函数,能够将任意两灰度级间DFC指标的均值从GPWM方式下的0.6降到0.2以下.在有效消除DFC的同时又保持了GPWM的高刷新频率与高灰度级,从而明显改善图像的显示质量.同时算法实现简单,不需要额外的硬件支持.     

Analysis of ion energy impact on the refractive index of silicon nitride films by use of neural network model

Physical ion bombardment plays a crucial role in determining refractory properties of silicon nitride films. The duty ratio is also a critical parameter that controls the amount of radio frequency power delivered to a plasma. In this study, impacts of duty ratio-induced ion energy on the refractive index are investigated. Silicon nitride films are deposited using a pulsed-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Ion energy variables and their relationship with the refractive index are studied. We report a decrease of the refractive index with decreasing duty ratio as well as a strong relationship of the refractive index with the ratio of high (or low) ion energy to high ion energy flux. A neural network model is developed to predict the effect of ion energy parameters.