卫星导航系统基四选星算法

随着卫星导航系统的发展,可见星数大大增多,为了减少接收机运算量,需选择可见卫星的一个子类。本文分析了卫星导航系统中N个4星最优分布与某4星最优分布中的k(k≤3)个卫星(共4N+k颗卫星)的联合分布GDOP值,并以此为基础提出了一类低复杂度近似最优的基四选星算法。该算法以经典的4星选择算法(最大体积法和四步选择法)为基础,通过多次迭代与部分执行,实现任意多于4星的卫星选择。仿真结果表明该算法与准优算法相比运算复杂度和GDOP值都更低。     

Evaluation of SARs for the prediction of skin irritation/corrosion potential–structural inclusion rules in the BfR decision support system†

The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has developed a Decision Support System (DSS) to assess certain hazardous properties of pure chemicals, including skin and eye irritation/corrosion. The BfR–DSS is a rule-based system that could be used for the regulatory classification of chemicals in the European Union. The system is based on the combined use of two predictive approaches: exclusion rules based on physicochemical cut-off values to identify chemicals that do not exhibit a certain hazard (e.g., skin irritation/corrosion), and inclusion rules based on structural alerts to identify chemicals that do show a particular toxic potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the structural inclusion rules implemented in the BfR–DSS for the prediction of skin irritation and corrosion. The following assessments were performed: (a) a confirmation of the structural rules by rederiving them from the original training set (1358 substances), and (b) an external validation by using a test set of 200 chemicals not used in the derivation of the rules. It was found as a result that the test data set did not match the training set relative to the inclusion of structural alerts associated with skin irritation/corrosion, albeit some skin irritants were in the test set.     

光静态散射测试系统的研究与实现

随着科学技术的发展,对粒子的大小、浓度及其他特性的探测已经发展成为一个专门的研究领域和现代测量学中的一个重要分支,而光散射法已经成为一种常用的粒子测量方法。为了满足应用需求,文中提出了一种基于C8051F500单片机的光静态散射测试系统方案,详细介绍了该测试系统的设计理论原理、硬件电路的设计依据、固件程序的设计思想和测试系统的具体实现。选取一定浓度的样品溶液,运用该系统进行光散射的角度依赖性测试,实际测量值与理论依据基本相符;在不同激光功率下,对同一角度的散射光强进行测试,将测量得到的数据分析,线性度良好,满足设计要求。     

Recent Progress in High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries: The Emerging Strategies for Advanced Separators/Electrolytes Based on Nanomaterials and Corresponding Interfaces

Lithium-sulfur (Li−S) batteries, possessing excellent theoretical capacities, low cost and nontoxicity, are one of the most promising energy storage battery systems. However, poor conductivity of elemental S and the “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides hinder the commercialization of Li−S batteries. These problems are closely related to the interface problems between the cathodes, separators/electrolytes and anodes. The review focuses on interface issues for advanced separators/electrolytes based on nanomaterials in Li−S batteries. In the liquid electrolyte systems, electrolytes/separators and electrodes system can be decorated by nano materials coating for separators and electrospinning nanofiber separators. And, interface of anodes and electrolytes/separators can be modified by nano surface coating, nano composite metal lithium and lithium nano alloy, while the interface between cathodes and electrolytes/separators is designed by nano metal sulfide, nanocarbon-based and other nano materials. In all solid-state electrolyte systems, the focus is to increase the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes and reduce the resistance in the cathode/polymer electrolyte and Li/electrolyte interfaces through using nanomaterials. The basic mechanism of these interface problems and the corresponding electrochemical performance are discussed. Based on the most critical factors of the interfaces, we provide some insights on nanomaterials in high-performance liquid or state Li−S batteries in the future.     

An infrared small target detection algorithm based on high-speed local contrast method

Small-target detection in infrared imagery with a complex background is always an important task in remote sensing fields. It is important to improve the detection capabilities such as detection rate, false alarm rate, and speed. However, current algorithms usually improve one or two of the detection capabilities while sacrificing the other. In this letter, an Infrared (IR) small target detection algorithm with two layers inspired by Human Visual System (HVS) is proposed to balance those detection capabilities. The first layer uses high speed simplified local contrast method to select significant information. And the second layer uses machine learning classifier to separate targets from background clutters. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm pursue good performance in detection rate, false alarm rate and speed simultaneously.     

基于PLC的环境模拟系统温度控制算法的研究与实现

针对环境模拟试验温度控制系统中被控对象存在的非线性、时滞等特点,本文采用区间限幅PID控制算法和模糊PID控制算法对传统控制方法进行了改进。首先为了解决模拟量三通粗调阀调节缓慢的缺点,建立了区间限幅PID控制算法的控制规则表,并将其在PLC中实现。其次提出用模糊PID控制算法来解决电加热器的非线性、大时滞性问题,并结合实际控制经验建立了模糊控制规则表,然后将模糊PID控制算法在PLC中进行实现。最后将限幅PID和模糊PID控制算法应用于某大型环境模拟试验控制系统,实验结果表明利用改进算法对温度控制具有良好的稳定性及精确度。     

微小型组合导航系统软硬件协同设计

针对机载制导武器对组合导航系统小体积、低功耗、高实时性以及高可靠性的要求,设计了组合导航系统双CPU总体方案。基于Zynq全可定制平台搭建了组合导航系统硬件环境。在分析组合导航系统软件结构的基础上,对任务块、任务优先级以及任务间的同步机制进行了合理设计;同时基于对组合导航滤波器内数据交换的分析,通过设置消息队列实现了任务间通信,且在保证数据一致性的同时,避免了“死锁”问题的出现。     

基于单神经元PID控制器的压电陶瓷控制方法

卫星地面综合测试是卫星研制过程中的重要环节,对系统功能验证及性能评估具有重要作用。传统的卫星地面综合测试系统存在研制周期长、投入较大、自动化流程不够完整、可重用性较差等不足。而北斗导航卫星地面综合测试系统采用分布式、高实时性、可配置、多主机的集成体系结构,是集计算机通讯、实时控制、实时数据处理、事后分析等功能于一体的测试系统,适用于从卫星总装集成到发射各个阶段的电气测试。通过卫星系统级的各项接口、功能、性能指标测试,表明该系统满足支持系统论证、状态确认、问题排查等测试需求,有力支撑了北斗导航卫星的成功发射和在轨运行。     

基于EPL的分布式时钟同步方法

工业以太网协议Ethernet POWERLINK(EPL)分布式站点的时钟同步方法并不能在实时运行过程中保持很高的同步精度,无法满足特定环境下的控制要求。研究了工业以太网协议EPL的两种时钟同步机制,通过数理计算分析了时钟同步误差产生的原因,针对误差较大的缺点,提出了减小误差的方法。通过迭代计算消除了主从站同步报文往返的路径延迟,并设计基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的集线器(Hub)用于EPL菊花链网络拓扑结构,有效地克服了时钟同步报文往返传输延时不一致的缺点,测试结果表明新方法明显优于协议自身的时钟同步方法,对于实现基于EPL的高精度分布式时钟同步网络具有重要意义。     

Characterization of sequence variation at 30 autosomal STRs in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies have the ability to reveal sequence variations within STR alleles as well as their nominal allele lengths, which have traditionally been detected by CE instruments. Recently, Thermo Fisher Scientific has updated the MPS-STR panel, named the Precision ID GlobalFiler next-generation sequencing (NGS) STR Panel version 2, with primers redesigned to add two pentanucleotide tandem repeat loci and profile interpretation supported by the Converge software. Using the Ion Chef System, the Ion S5XL System, and the Converge software, genetic variations were characterized within STR repeat and flanking regions of 30 autosomal STR markers in 115 unrelated individuals from two Chinese population groups (58 Tibetans and 57 Hans). Nineteen STRs demonstrated a relative increase in diversity with the variant sequence alleles compared with those of traditional nominal length alleles. In total, 390 alleles were identified by their sequences compared with 258 alleles that were identified by length. Of these 92 sequence variants found within the STR repeat regions, 40 variants were located in STR flanking regions. Additionally, the agreement of the results with CE data was evaluated, as was the ability of this new MPS panel to analyze case-type (11 samples) and artificially degraded samples (seven samples in triplicate). The results generated from this study illustrate that extensive sequence variation exists in commonly used STR markers in the selected population samples and indicate that this NGS STR panel has the potential to be used as an effective tool for human forensics.