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61.
Improved device reliability in organic light emitting devices by controlling the etching of indium zinc oxide anode
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A controllable etching process for indium zinc oxide (IZO) films was developed by using a weak etchant of oxalic acid with a slow etching ratio. With controllable etching time and temperature, a patterned IZO electrode with smoothed surface morphology and slope edge was achieved. For the practical application in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), a sup- pression of the leak current in the current-voltage characteristics of OLEDs was observed. It resulted in a 1.6 times longer half lifetime in the IZO-based OLEDs compared to that using an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode etched by a conventional strong etchant of aqua regia. 相似文献
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How human beings think about, talk about, and organize around sexuality is changing. Growing social legitimization for sexual minority relationships and a more fluid social understanding of sexual identities has shifted how we bound “normal” sexuality. In the workplace, these shifting norms affect employees of all sexual identities who must make sense of new policies and complex daily practices. This paper introduces the concept of co-sexuality, the push-and-pull process of communicatively organizing around sexuality. Using this concept, we take a grounded theory approach to exploring how employees of various sexualities and in different occupations understand “normal” sexuality and subsequently organize around it. Ultimately, participants described being silenced or silencing another to maintain sexual “norms” at work. 相似文献
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本文提出采用信息管理系统加强对水利工程建设进行管理,阐述了信息系统应用于水利工程建设中的必要性,并针对水利工程管理信息系统中存在的问题进行论述,归纳和总结出几点改善措施,希望能够为全面提升水利工程管理工作效率提供保障. 相似文献
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本文主要针对大学上机课程,结合实际上课经验,从其特点、课堂安排、上机课程练习要点等方面说明该类课程课堂管理所应注意的问题。而从考核过程具体操作方式、一人一题考核方式改革等方面具体阐述上机课程考核方式。 相似文献
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Xing Li Zhi-Qin Sun Hong-Hong Chang Wen-Long Wei 《中国化学快报》2014,25(8):1174-1178
FeX3(X = Cl, Br) were found to be very effective reagents and powerful catalysts for regioselective ring openings of a variety of N-tosylaziridines with them to afford the corresponding b-haloamines in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. At the same time, 13 new compounds were obtained firstly. Moreover, the b-bromoamine prepared could be transferred into b-nitroamine with NaNO2 in moderate yield. 相似文献
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The ionization process of B2+ by H+ impact is studied using the continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state (CDW-EIS) method and the modified free electron peak approximation (M-FEPA), respectively. Total, single-, and double- differential cross sections from 1s and 2s orbitals are presented for the energy range from 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/u. Comparison between the results from the two methods demonstrates that the total and single-differential cross sections for the high-energy incident projectile case can be well evaluated using the simple M-FEPA model. Moreover, the M-FEPA model reproduces the essential features of the binary-encounter (BE) bump in the double-differential cross sections. Thus, the BE ionization mechanism is discussed in detail by adopting the M-FEPA model. In particular, the double- and single-differential cross sections from the 2s orbital show a high-energy hip, which is different from those from the 1s orbital. Based on Ref. [1], the Compton profiles of B2+ for 1s and 2s orbitals are given, and the hips in DDCS and SDCS from the 2s orbital are explained. 相似文献
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