On the tradeoff between altruism and selfishness in MANET trust management

Mobile ad hoc and sensor networks may consist of a mixture of nodes, some of which may be considered selfish due to a lack of cooperativeness in providing network services such as forwarding packets. In the literature, existing trust management protocols for mobile ad hoc networks advocate isolating selfish nodes as soon as they are detected. Further, altruistic behaviors are encouraged with incentive mechanisms. In this paper, we propose and analyze a trust management protocol for group communication systems where selfish nodes exist and system survivability is highly critical to mission execution. Rather than always encouraging altruistic behaviors, we consider the tradeoff between a node’s individual welfare (e.g., saving energy to prolong the node lifetime) vs. global welfare (e.g., achieving a given mission with sufficient service availability) and identify the best design condition of this behavior model to balance selfish vs. altruistic behaviors. With the system lifetime and the mission success probability as our trust-based reliability metric, we show that our behavior model that exploits the tradeoff between selfishness vs. altruism outperforms one that only encourages altruistic behaviors.     

主成分回归分光光度法测定化学需氧量的研究

采用主成分回归校正技术辅助分光光度法很好地解决了光度法化学需氧量测定中共存金属离子的干扰问题。在实验的基础上 ,选取了 Cu2 、Fe3 、Co2 、Mn2 、Ni2 作为主要的干扰离子 ,通过对多个样品的分析 ,确定了最优分析波长组 ,并对 19个实际样品进行了测量 ,结果表明 ,本法测定结果与国标推荐方法无明显差异 ,具有操作简便、测定快速的优点。     

Optimizing product assortment under customer-driven demand substitution

The problem of product assortment and inventory planning under customer-driven demand substitution is analyzed and a mathematical model for this problem is provided in this paper. Realistic issues in a retail context such as supplier selection, shelf space constraints, and poor quality procurement are also taken into account. The performance of three modified models, one that neglects customers’ substitution behavior, another that excludes supplier selection decision, and one that ignores shelf space limitations, are analyzed separately with computational experiments. The results of the analysis demonstrate that neglecting customer-driven substitution or excluding supplier selection or ignoring shelf space limitations may lead to significantly inefficient assortments. The effects of demand variability and substitution cost on optimal assortment and supplier selection decisions as well as on the optimal revenue are also investigated. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a practical and flexible model to aid retailers in finding optimal assortments to maximize the expected profit.     

Non-cooperative competition among revenue maximizing service providers with demand learning

This paper recognizes that in many decision environments in which revenue optimization is attempted, an actual demand curve and its parameters are generally unobservable. Herein, we describe the dynamics of demand as a continuous time differential equation based on an evolutionary game theory perspective. We then observe realized sales data to obtain estimates of parameters that govern the evolution of demand; these are refined on a discrete time scale. The resulting model takes the form of a differential variational inequality. We present an algorithm based on a gap function for the differential variational inequality and report its numerical performance for an example revenue optimization problem.     

无银催化-密封恒温光度法快速测定化学需氧量

通过正交试验确定了密封恒温分光光度法测定化学需氧量的最佳条件：催化剂MnSO4—CuSO4配比为1：2，消解温度为165℃，消解时间为10min，消解用的H2SO4酸度为12mol／L等。本法测定的CODcr值与标准回流法所得结果一致。该法具有分析成本低，速度快的特点。     

Inverse electron-demand aza-[4+2] cycloaddition reactions of allenamides

An inverse electron-demand aza-[4+2] cycloaddition reaction of allenamides with 1-azadiene is described here. Effects of solvents on diastereoselectivity along with synthetic scopes and mechanistic insights are illustrated. Despite some synthetic limitations, this aza-[4+2] cycloaddition does provide a useful template for the synthesis of aza-glycoside related heterocycles.     

Application of stress induces ascorbate peroxidases of S. polyrhiza for green-synthesis Cu nanoparticles

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of stress on physiology/biochemical component of S. polyrhiza and its impact on CuNPs synthesis and bioethanol production. NaCl with RV5 provokes oxidative stress in S. polyrhiza and significantly increase MAD, Proline, H₂O₂, ROS, SOD and APX activity compare to control condition. Starch accumulation in S. polyrhiza was found 354% higher and correspond 4.4 times higher ethanol yield under stress condition compare to control. CuNPs were synthesized with an average size of 23–26 nm by purified fraction of APX having 37 KDa MW, 1.44 IU specific activity. Synthesized CuNPs were stable up to 15 consecutive cycles and potency against wide range of reactive dyes. The maximum remedial efficiency of synthesized CuNPs for COD and BOD was 55263.3 ± 3298.5 mg/m³min. and 30560.3 ± 1987.5 mg/m³min. respectively for RV5 wastewater. 0.072 mg/g of bioethanol was produced from the wet pulp remaining after nanoparticles synthesis. High efficiency of CuNPs and significant production of Ethanol, indicate that the feasibility for circular model for continuous industrial wastewater treatment.     

Energy-Efficient Operation of Water Systems through Optimization of Load Power Reduction in Electricity Markets

Demand response (DR) is gaining more and more importance in the architecture of power systems in a context of flexible loads and high share of intermittent generation. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled an effective integration of DR mechanisms in power systems. Through its flexible components (pumps, tanks), drinking water systems are suitable candidates for energy-efficient DR mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation for both economic and operational reasons. Indeed, a sufficient level of economic viability and water demands risk management are necessary for water utilities to integrate their flexibilities to power system operation. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model for optimizing pump schedules in water systems while trading DR blocs in a spot power market during peak times. Uncertainties about water demands were considered in the mathematical model allowing to propose power reductions covering the potential risk of real-time water demand forecasting inaccuracy. Numerical results were discussed on a real water system in France, demonstrating both economic and ecological benefits.     

Real options approach-based demand forecasting method for a range of products with highly volatile and correlated demand

To achieve a competitive edge needed for marketing highly competitive products, modern enterprises have actively sought to provide the marketplace with an expansive range of products with high random volatility of demand and correlations between demands of product. Consequently, traditional forecasting methods for separately forecasting demand for these products are likely to yield significant deviations. Therefore, this study develops a real options approach-based forecasting model to accurately predict future demand for a given range of products with highly volatile and correlated demand. Additionally, this study also proposes using Monte Carlo simulation to solve the demand forecasting model. The real options approach associated with Monte Carlo simulation not only deals effectively with random variation involving a particular demand stochastic diffusion process, but can handle the correlations in product demand.