全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21642篇 |
免费 | 4060篇 |
国内免费 | 1715篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7479篇 |
晶体学 | 186篇 |
力学 | 1258篇 |
综合类 | 167篇 |
数学 | 624篇 |
物理学 | 6331篇 |
无线电 | 11372篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 95篇 |
2023年 | 289篇 |
2022年 | 499篇 |
2021年 | 692篇 |
2020年 | 830篇 |
2019年 | 766篇 |
2018年 | 727篇 |
2017年 | 913篇 |
2016年 | 1066篇 |
2015年 | 1190篇 |
2014年 | 1487篇 |
2013年 | 1856篇 |
2012年 | 1634篇 |
2011年 | 1605篇 |
2010年 | 1238篇 |
2009年 | 1164篇 |
2008年 | 1223篇 |
2007年 | 1294篇 |
2006年 | 1234篇 |
2005年 | 1072篇 |
2004年 | 933篇 |
2003年 | 853篇 |
2002年 | 730篇 |
2001年 | 634篇 |
2000年 | 580篇 |
1999年 | 465篇 |
1998年 | 374篇 |
1997年 | 335篇 |
1996年 | 322篇 |
1995年 | 271篇 |
1994年 | 216篇 |
1993年 | 156篇 |
1992年 | 149篇 |
1991年 | 105篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 72篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
82.
Binyuan Liu Yang Li Boo‐Gyo Shin Do Yeung Yoon IL Kim Li Zhang Weidong Yan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(15):3391-3399
Three novel functionalized polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendant dimethyl carboxylate group (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl‐type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The effects of size of substitutents, molar ratio of monomer to catalyst, solvent polarity, reaction time, and temperature on the polymerization of exo‐norbornene dimethyl propionate were systematically investigated. The low molar ratio and temperature, as well as high polarity of solvent, and long reaction time, are favorable for the enhancement of the monomer conversion, especially, the solvent have an obvious effect on the catalyst activity. The resulting poly(cis‐norbornene‐exo‐2,3‐dimethyl carboxylates) (PNB‐dimethyl carboxylates) show good solubility in common organic solvent and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass transition temperature was detected by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3391–3399, 2007 相似文献
83.
Improved reaction conditions for the preparation of poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) directly from bis(4‐bromophenyl) disulfide (BBD) have been established. Heating BBD with magnesium metal afforded only a low molecular weight polymer. PPS with a melting temperature around 280 °C was obtained from BBD in the presence of sodium carbonate or zinc metal. The best results were obtained with the addition of a catalytic amount of KI to the zinc–BBD mixture. Polymers prepared by the above methods are semicrystalline and dissolve in 1‐chloronaphthalene and have properties comparable to commercial PPS. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 900–904, 2006 相似文献
84.
Toshiyuki Oyama Akira Kitamura Eiichi Sato Masao Tomoi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(8):2694-2706
The factors affecting pattern‐forming properties in reaction development patterning were examined with polyarylates with various bisphenol moieties. The developability of the photosensitive polyarylates was dependent on the properties of the subtituent (R) in the bisphenol moieties. The development time decreased in the following order: R?C(CH3)2 > fluorenyl unit ? phenolphthalein unit > C(CF3)2 > SO2. This order agreed with that of the reactivity between the polyarylates and ethanolamine, and these orders can be explained by pKa of the bisphenol used to prepare the polyarylates. The development with NH2? R′? OH resulted in successful positive‐tone pattern formation. However, pattern formation with the developers containing NH2? R′? OCH3 was unsuccessful. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2694–2706, 2006 相似文献
85.
本文根据空心阴极放电中电子能量分布的物理图象,分析了原子从低激态向高激态弛豫的可能途径。建立高低激态集居数密度增量的关系。讨论高激态集居数密度增量获得可观量的条件。根据此条件分别选取钠原子的基态3s~2S_(1/2)和铜原子的亚稳态4s~2D_(3/2)为与激光共振的下能级,并激发具有较大自发发射几率的3s~2S_(1/2)→3p~2P°_(1/2)(和3p~2P°_(3/2))和4s~2D_(3/2)→4p~2P°_(1/2)跃迁,在远离上能级的高激态上观测到敏化荧光,并精确测得这些态的自发发射系数比值,而在更高激态上没有观测到敏化荧光,表明讨论中提出的条件是合理的。 相似文献
86.
叙述了体吸收激光能量计的特点,介绍了其标定方法,给出了其技术参数。体吸收激光地的推广应用取得了广泛的社会效益。 相似文献
87.
88.
Image segmentation towards new image representation methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diogo Cortez Paulo Nunes Manuel Menezes de Sequeira Fernando Pereira 《Signal Processing: Image Communication》1995,6(6):485-498
Very low bit-rate video coding has recently become one of the most important areas of image communication and a large variety of applications have already been identified. Since conventional approaches are reaching a saturation point, in terms of coding efficiency, a new generation of video coding techniques, aiming at a deeper “understanding” of the image, is being studied. In this context, image analysis, particularly the identification of objects or regions in images (segmentation), is a very important step. This paper describes a segmentation algorithm based on split and merge. Images are first simplified using mathematical morphology operators, which eliminate perceptually less relevant details. The simplified image is then split according to a quad tree structure and the resulting regions are finally merged in three steps: merge, elimination of small regions and control of the number of regions. 相似文献
89.
Tom Kennedy 《Journal of statistical physics》1990,59(1-2):195-220
A fixed-point equation on an infinite-dimensional space is proposed as an alternative to the usual definition of the infinite-volume limit in discrete lattice spin systems in the high-temperature phase. It is argued heuristically that the free energy and correlation functions one obtains by solving this equation agree with the usual definitions of these quantities. A theorem is then proved that says that if a certain finite-volume condition is satisfied, then this fixed-point equation has a solution and the resulting free energy is analytic in the parameters in the Hamiltonian. For particular values of the temperature this finite-volume condition may be checked with the help of a computer. The two-dimensional Ising model is considered as a test case, and it is shown that the finite-volume condition is satisfied for0.77
critical. 相似文献
90.
A unique substrate MCPM (Mitsubishi Copper Polyimide Metal-base) technology has been developed by applying our basic copper/polyimide
technology.1 This new substrate technology MCPM is suited for a high-density, multi-layer, multi-chip, high-power module/package, such
as used for a computer. The new MCPM was processed using a copper metal base (110 × 110 mm), full copper system (all layers)
with 50-μm fine lines. As for pad metallizations for the IC assembly, we evaluated both Ni/Au for chip and wire ICs and solder
for TAB ICs. The total number of assembled ICs is 25. To improve the thermal dispersion, copper thermal vias are simultaneously
formed by electro-plating. This thermal via is located between the IC chip and copper metal base, and promotes heat dispersion.
We employed one large thermal via (4.5 mm?) and four small vias (1.0 mm?) for each IC pad. The effect of thermal vias and/or base metal is simulated by a computer analysis and compared with an alumina
base substrate. The results show that the thermal vias are effective at lowering the temperature difference between the IC
and base substrate, and also lowering the temperature rise of the IC chip. We also evaluated the substrate’s reliability by
adhesion test, pressure cooker test, etc. 相似文献