Analysis of nickel cylindrical bump insertion into aluminium thin film for flip chip applications

This paper investigates the mechanical deformation and the electrical contact resistance of an electroplated Ni micro-cylinder called micro-insert inserted in an Al thin film. A modified nanoindentation apparatus is used to perform the experiments with 6 μm, 8.5 μm and 12.5 μm diameters micro-inserts having the same 5 μm height. Mechanical deformation of Ni micro-insert and Al film is described at different maximum loads corresponding to an equivalent stress of 0.8 GPa, 1.6 GPa and 3.2 GPa. At equivalent stress less than 1.6 GPa, Ni micro-insert exhibits an elastic deformation while at 3.2 GPa it presents an elastic-plastic deformation with a large amount of compression and penetration into micro-insert foundation. Visco-plastic deformation of Al film is noticed during hold at all maximum loads. Beside, Al creep parameters are extracted using a combined Maxwell/Kelvin-Voigt phenomenological model. Mechanical results are coupled to electrical contact resistance measurement.     

Time-, stress-, and temperature-dependent deformation in nanostructured copper: Creep tests and simulations

In the present work, we performed experiments, atomistic simulations, and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to study the creep behaviors of the nanotwinned (nt) and nanograined (ng) copper at temperatures of 22 °C (RT), 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The experimental data at various temperatures and different sustained stress levels provide sufficient information, which allows one to extract the deformation parameters reliably. The determined activation parameters and microscopic observations indicate transition of creep mechanisms with variation in stress level in the nt-Cu, i.e., from the Coble creep to the twin boundary (TB) migration and eventually to the perfect dislocation nucleation and activities. The experimental and simulation results imply that nanotwinning could be an effective approach to enhance the creep resistance of twin-free ng-Cu. The experimental creep results further verify the newly developed formula (Yang et al., 2016) that describes the time-, stress-, and temperature-dependent plastic deformation in polycrystalline copper.     

On a damage law for creep rupture of clays with accumulated inelastic deviatoric strain as a damage measure

To avoid the dependency on origin of time, an improved damage law for creep rupture of clays is proposed considering the accumulated inelastic deviatoric strain as a measure of damage, instead of incorporating time directly. This law is incorporated into an existing anisotropic elastoplastic-viscoplastic bounding surface model for clays. The performance of the damage law was demonstrated via the simulations of creep rupture tests on undisturbed clays, and generally a good agreement between model simulations and test data was obtained. Discussions on the creep rupture parameters were followed and further improvement was suggested. At present when high quality test data for creep rupture is very limited, the proposed damage law could serve as a practical way to model creep rupture of clays.     

High temperature creep behaviour of an FeAl intermetallic strengthened by nanoscale oxide particles

The creep behaviour of an FeAl intermetallic strengthened by nanosized oxide particles has been examined at temperatures of 700–825 °C. For all temperatures the strain rate shows a power law dependence on the applied stress. At the lowest temperature and with the highest stresses there is evidence of a threshold stress produced by the difficulty of overcoming the particle barriers, while for higher temperatures as well as at low stresses there is no threshold stress and creep appears to be controlled by general climb. The fine oxide particles produce good strengthening at low temperatures but are more readily overcome at high temperatures due to their very small size and limited attractive relaxation force. Despite such fall in creep strength, this material remains one of the strongest iron aluminides to the temperature range evaluated.     

岩体力学中流变与断裂的耦合作用

本文首先分析含Ｉ型裂纹岩石的流变断裂特性，提出了Ⅰ型裂纹流变断裂初度的三个阈值；然后应用断裂力学和粘塑性理论。得出了具有屈服、蠕变和Ⅱ型裂纹扩展等物理力学特性的岩体隧洞的衬砌与围岩应力的解析表达式。     

Regimes of frictional sliding of a spring-block system

In the context of rate-and-state friction, we revisit the crossover between the creep and inertial regimes in the dynamics of a spring-block system as observed and described in the dry friction experiment of Heslot et al. (1994) and Baumberger et al. (1994). We show that the transition between the quasi-static motion of a spring-block and its dynamic motion occurs at a lower sliding velocity than that which minimises the steady-state friction coefficient. We perform a weakly nonlinear stability analysis combined with numerical studies with the continuation package Auto. In particular, attention is focused on the change of nature the Hopf bifurcation from supercritical to subcritical, as observed by Heslot et al. Comparing the results obtained for different friction laws, we conclude that the weakly nonlinear analysis provides a possible criterion for distinguishing which friction laws may be physically relevant.     

Creep of composites with a porous fibre/matrix interface under variable loading

A micromechanical model of island-type fibre/matrix interface is described and experimental data are represented and analysed. Changes in the interface strength during a cycle loadings and, correspondingly, changes in the creep resistance of a composite due the island-like scheme of the fibre/matrix interface are described.     

Identification of viscoelastic properties by means of nanoindentation taking the real tip geometry into account

Motivated by recent progress in viscoelastic indentation analysis, the identification of viscoelastic properties from nanoindentation test data taking the real tip geometry into account is presented in this paper. Based on the elastic solution of the indentation problem, the corresponding viscoelastic solution is obtained by the application of the method of functional equations. This general solution, which accounts for the real geometric properties of the indenter tip, is specialized for the case of a trapezoidal load history, commonly employed in nanoindentation testing. Three deviatoric creep models, the single dash-pot, the Maxwell, and the three-parameter model are considered. The so-obtained expressions allow us to determine viscoelastic model parameters via back calculation from the measured load–penetration history. The presented approach is illustrated by the identification of short-term viscoelastic properties of bitumen. Hereby, the influence of loading rate, maximum load, and temperature on the model parameters is investigated.     

Creep crack growth on spent fuel zircaloy cladding in interim storage

The effect of creep failure mechanisms on the creep crack growth is examined on spent fuel Zircaloy cladding in interim storage. Based on the creep fracture mechanics parameter C^* and the strain energy density criteria, the relationship between the creep crack growth rate and the fracture mechanics parameter C^* is established theoretically. The effects of initial crack lengths and storage temperature profiles on cladding failure are discussed in detail. The results show that the initial crack length and the storage temperature profile play an important role in the interim dry storage. When the storage temperature remains at a constant temperature of 400 °C, it will be safe for the cladding which stores in the interim dry storage. The results presented in this study provide a reliable cladding integrity evaluation for spent fuel in the interim dry storage.     

Relations Between Relaxation Modulus and Creep Compliance in Anisotropic Linear Viscoelasticity

The results obtained previously for scalar and class P completely monotone relaxation moduli are extended to arbitrary anisotropy. It is shown for general anisotropic viscoelastic media that, if the relaxation modulus is a locally integrable completely monotone function, then the creep compliance is a Bernstein function and conversely. The elastic and equilibrium limits of the two material functions are related to each other. The relaxation modulus or its derivative can be singular at 0. A rigorous general formulation of the relaxation spectrum in an anisotropic viscoelastic medium is given. The effect of Newtonian viscosity on creep compliance is examined. Put some makeup on him and lay him to rest. Anonymous