高中生化学学习动机、学习效能感与学习成绩的关系调查研究

通过借鉴和优化国内外学习动机、学习效能感与学习成绩的关系问卷,调查了武汉某中学220名高二学生化学学习动机和学习效能感与学习成绩的关系。通过对回收问卷进行描述性统计、t检验、相关分析和中介效应检验等,得出以下结论：（1）高中生化学学习动机和学习效能感均处于中上等水平,其中化学学习动机由内部动机和外部动机共同主导,学习效能感由学习能力效能感主导。（2）不同性别学生在内部动机和学习效能感及各维度上存在显著差异,且表现为男生得分普遍高于女生;不同班级学生在化学学习动机、学习效能感及各维度上均无显著差异。（3）高中生化学学习动机、学习效能感和学习成绩及其各维度间均存在显著的正相关。（4）高中生的学习效能感在化学学习动机和学习成绩间有部分中介效应,具体效应值为0.132,且学习效能感2个维度中的学习能力效能感（效应为0.131）与学习行为效能感（效应为0.132）的中介效应相当。     

增强大学生学习自我效能感的化学实验教学策略*——以“药物制剂工程实验”为例

以提高大学生化学实验积极性和实验学习效率为目标,在“药物制剂工程实验”课程中实施能增强大学生学习自我效能感的化学实验教学策略。以“乳剂的制备”实验为研究背景,设计并实施了三阶段的实验教学流程。同时,通过构建过程性评价量化指标、开展三方评价和问卷调查等形式,对该化学实验教学策略的实施效果进行了评价。通过对比实验组和对照组学生的过程性评价成绩和问卷调查结果,发现实验组平均得分大多高于对照组,说明采用了本实验教学策略的实验组学生的自我效能感高于对照组,因此,本实验中采取的提高大学生自我效能感的化学实验教学措施确实有效且具有实际意义。     

Examining Elementary Teachers’ Engineering Self‐Efficacy and Engineering Teacher Efficacy

Research indicates that teacher efficacy influences student achievement and is situation specific. With the Next Generation Science Standards calling for the incorporation of engineering practices into K–12 classrooms, it is important to identify teachers’ engineering teaching efficacy. A study of K–5 teachers’ engineering self‐efficacy and engineering teaching efficacy revealed that that they have low engineering self‐efficacy and low teacher efficacy related to engineering pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, significant differences existed in self‐efficacy levels based on gender, ethnicity, Title I school status, and grade level taught.     

Coping strategies applied to comprehend multistep arithmetic word problems by students with above-average numeracy skills and below-average reading skills

This article discusses how 13-year-old students with above-average numeracy skills and below-average reading skills cope with comprehending word problems. Compared to other students who are proficient in numeracy and are skilled readers, these students are more disadvantaged when solving single-step and multistep arithmetic word problems. The difference is smaller for single-step word problems. Analysis of large-scale data as well as a case study suggested that students used knowledge of stereotype item formats and keywords to cope with comprehending word problems. Instances where students used prior experiences to form predispositions to word problems were observed in the case study. In addition, analyses in both studies revealed that errors caused by overuse of keywords were more frequent among the students with below-average reading skills.     

采用科技绩效薪酬对员工薪酬公平、薪酬满意度影响的研究

以高新技术企业员工为调查对象,研究了科技类企业绩效薪酬对员工薪酬满意度的影响,构建了绩效薪酬、薪酬内部公平、薪酬外部公平、薪酬满意度间的概念模型;采用层次回归分析方法,检验了各变量间的因果关系,分析了自我效能感在薪酬公平影响薪酬满意度关系中的调节效应。     

A truncated Cauchy distribution

A truncated version of the Cauchy distribution is introduced. Unlike the Cauchy distribution, this possesses finite moments of all orders and could therefore be a better model for certain practical situations. One such situation in finance is discussed. Explicit expressions for the moments of the truncated distribution are also derived.     

中学化学教育领域自我效能感的研究现状与展望

综合概述目前中学化学教育领域自我效能感的研究现状,发现目前的研究主要集中于化学学习自我效能感和化学教师教学效能感2方面。其中,化学学习自我效能感是主要研究对象,具体研究主题包括其相关性研究、差异性研究、培养干预研究、测量研究。化学教师教学效能感的研究主要集中在相关性与差异性2方面。未来对于化学教育领域中自我效能感的研究可以着重从4方面考虑：关注化学学习自我效能感的影响因素研究,重视化学学习自我效能感测量工具的开发,探索培养持久有效的学习自我效能感策略,开展具体情境的教师教学效能感研究。     

Sources of engineering teaching self-efficacy in a STEAM methods course for elementary preservice teachers

This study investigated the effect of a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) methods course on elementary preservice teachers’ (PTs’) perceptions of self-efficacy to teach engineering practices. The course positioned engineering as the primary content area from which to integrate other subjects. To enhance PT’s perception of engineering self-efficacy, the course provided instruction that leveraged the following sources of self-efficacy: cognitive content mastery, cognitive pedagogical mastery, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional state. The study also examined to what extent the various sources of self-efficacy contributed to changes in self-efficacy. Data was collected from 14 participants that included a self-efficacy survey and focus group interview. After completing the course, elementary PTs’ self-efficacy to teach engineering practices increased significantly. Qualitative data analysis revealed cognitive pedagogical mastery, vicarious experience (specifically simulated modeling), and emotional state were the most influential sources linked to positive changes in self-efficacy, with cognitive content mastery, and other forms of vicarious experience contributing, but to a lesser degree. These results suggest that teacher preparation programs can better support elementary PTs to teach engineering practices by offering additional methods courses focused on engineering, rather than providing short-term exposure to engineering practices and pedagogy in overloaded science methods courses.     

烟草设备电气控制常见问题和应对策略分析

在我国目前的烟草企业的生产运营当中,我们会从中发现有许多原因,导致我们生产烟草的设备出现各种各样的问题.这些问题的产生不仅能够降低烟草的生产效率.更重要的是,不利于烟草企业的平稳运行,严重影响了企业的利润.本文我们就是来研究是什么因素制约了设备的运行,并从中找出一些应对的措施,通过一些有效措施,来降低设备的故障率.