组合原则回溯

从组合原则产生的背景和关键入手，分析和叙述了里兹的组合原则在光谱学上的重要意义，同时，也阐述了它与玻尔氢原子理论之间的关系。     

Optimality for set functions with values in ordered vector spaces

Let (X, , ) be a finite atomless measure space,L a convex subfamily of , andY andZ locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces which are ordered by the conesC andD, respectively. LetF:LY beC-convex andG:LZ beD-convex set functions. Consider the following optimization problem (P): minimizeF(), subject to L andG() _D . The paper generalizes the Moreau-Rockafellar theorem with set functions. By applying this theorem, a Kuhn-Tucker type optimality condition and a Fritz John type optimality condition for problem (P) are established. The duality theorem for problem (P) is also studied.This work was partially supported by National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan. This paper was written while the first author was visiting at the University of Iowa, 1987-88.The authors would like to express their gratitude to the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. Also, they would like to thank Professor P. L. Yu for his encouragement and suggestions which improved the material presented here considerably.     

利用火焰原子吸收中的增感效应测定十二醇聚氧乙烯醚的加成数

本文利用表面活性剂在原子吸收中的增感效应测定了一系列不同平均加成数的十二醇聚氧乙烯醚对镁的增感百分数,并使之与加成数相关,得到了一个线性较好的回归方程式。利用此式可以准确地测定此系列表面活性剂的加成数。     

Studies on the Spectral Behavior between Protein with Poniacyl Carmine 2B and its Analytical Application

In this paper, the spectral behavior of protein and Poniacyl Carmine 2B (PC 2B) has been studied by spectrophotometric method. The conditional constants, apparent combination constant K and maximum binding number n, were used to express the combination ability of the reactions between PC 2B and protein under a set of given conditions. The Sandell index s was used to express the sensitivity of the determination of protein. The factors, acidity, PC 2B concentration and the ionic strength, were discussed by the change of apparent combination constant and maximum binding number. It was found that acidity of the solution, PC 2B concentration and ionic strength had a significant effect on the sensitivity of the assay of protein. Under the optimal conditions, the apparent combination constant K and the maximum binding number n were 2.36 × 10⁶ L mol^?1 and 95, respectively. With further investigation, it was found that the Scatchard model was suitable in treating the data obtained in the experiments. In the buffer medium of HCl‐KCl at 1.87, the addition of protein made the maximum absorption of the system move from 527 nm to 513 nm. Its apparent molar absorptivity is 4.46 × 10⁵ Lmol^?1 cm^?1 at 513 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0 ? 55 μg mL^?1. The system developed in this paper has been used for the determination of protein in milk powder successfully.     

重整汽油近红外光谱的稳健偏最小二乘解析

近红外光谱(ＮＩＲ)光谱复杂,组分间光谱重叠严重,目前,多元线性回归(ＭｕｌｔｉｐｌｅＬｉｎｅａｒＲｅ ｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ,ＭＬＲ)和偏最小二乘法(ＰａｒｔｉａｌＬｅａｓｔ ｓｑｕａｒｅｓ,ＰＬＳ)是近红外光谱分析中使用最多和效果较好的方法[1]。稳健偏最小二乘(ＲｏｂｕｓｔＰａｒｔｉａｌＬｅａｓｔ Ｓｑｕａｒｅｓ,ＲＰＬＳ)是由稳健统计学构造的具有稳健性能的多元校正方法。当化学测量中引入随机异常点或误差的内在分布偏离正态分布时,它仍能给予接近最优性能的校正,确保分析结果的准确性,是消除奇异点的非常有效的方法[2-4],…     

Size of Micelles Determined by Static Fluorescence Quenching

We developed a new method to measure the average aggregation number of large rod-like micelles using static fluorescence self-quenching of a solubilized fluorophore. The method is based on the increase of self-quenching of micelle-solubilized pyrene through excimer formation. We consider the effect of random distribution of pyrene in micelles and the micellar size distribution. The measured average aggregation <n> _M is based on a new M-weighted raging similar to our exponential-weighted averaging in the transient decay method. We apply this method to study the effect of a large concentration of salt on the average aggregation behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyle tetraammonium bromide (CTAB). The sizes increase with increasing ionic concentrations. For SDS, we used the thermodynamic model developed by Missel et al. to calculate < n > _M which we compare with experimental results.     

Approximate first-order and second-order directional derivatives of a marginal function in convex optimization

Given a convex functionf: ^p × ^q (–, +], the marginal function is defined on ^p by (x)=inf{f(x, y)|y ^q }. Our purpose in this paper is to express the approximate first-order and second-order directional derivatives of atx ₀ in terms of those off at (x ₀,y ₀), wherey ₀ is any element for which (x ₀)=f(x ₀,y ₀).The author is indebted to one referee for pointing out an inaccuracy in an earlier version of Theorem 4.1.     

Interactions of Some Amino Acids with Aqueous Tetraethylammonium Bromide at 298.15 K: A Volumetric Approach

The apparent molar volumes, V_,2, of glycine, L-alanine, DL--amino-n-butyric acid, L-valine, and L-leucine have been determined in aqueous 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mol-dm^–3 tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) solutions by density measurements at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, V_2,m, for the amino acids in aqueous tetraethylammonium bromide and the standard partial molar volumes of transfer (_tr V_2,m) of the amino acids from water to the aqueous salt solutions. The linear correlation of V_2,m for a homologous series of amino acids has been utilized to calculate the contribution of the charged end groups (NH₃⁺, COO^–), CH₂ group, and other alkyl chains of the amino acids to V_2,m. The results of the standard partial molar volumes of transfer from water to aqueous tetraethylammonium bromide have been interpreted in terms of ion–ion, ion–polar, and hydrophobic–hydrophobic group interactions. The volume of transfer data suggest that ion–ion or ion–hydrophilic interactions are predominant in the case of glycine and alanine, and hydrophobic–hydrophobic group interactions are predominant in the case of DL--amino butyric acid, L-valine, and L-leucine.     

长链烷基苯异构体的气相色谱研究

长链烷基苯异构体的分离分析是石油化学中一个重要课题,曾有较多作者用气相色谱方法研究了长链烷基苯的分离及不同碳数的