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121.
基于泛洪约束的MANET按需组播路由协议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
降低路由控制开销是MANET网络组播路由协议节省节点能量,提高带宽利用率的关键因素之一。本文研究了组播路径近邻节点对路由维护的作用以及链路的连通性,分别提出了一个新的泛k-洪约束算法和一个混合泛洪模式。基于泛k-洪约束算法和混合泛洪模式,提出一个新的按需组播路由协议ODMRP-CF,ODMRP-CF协议通过选择k-路由近邻节点转发泛洪分组来提高泛洪效率。ODMRP-CF协议不仅保持了ODMRP协议所具有的简单,对节点移动鲁棒性好的优点,而且有效地降低了ODMRP-CF协议的控制开销。 相似文献
122.
123.
由1,10-邻菲咯啉合成1,10-邻菲咯啉-5,6-二酮反应的副产物的形成与控制研究表明,1,10-邻菲咯啉在5,6位二酮化反应中的副反应产物及主产物分离时产生的副产物均为4,5-二氮杂芴-9-酮,二酮化反应条件(包括作为氧化剂的强混合酸H2SO4/HNO3的加入量、时间和温度)和主产物分离时体系的酸度对副产物的形成有重要影响,优化了二酮化反应条件和产物分离时的体系pH控制范围。在此优化条件下,可有效控制副产物的形成,使主产物1,10-邻菲咯啉-5,6-二酮的收率达到92%以上。 相似文献
124.
125.
YBO3:Eu荧光粉的水热法制备及形貌控制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用水热法在低于300℃成功地制备出具有不同形貌的YBO3:Eu3+荧光粉,其反应温度比固相反应了约800℃.研究了初始原料、pH值、反应温度、反应溶剂和催化剂等条件对目的产物形貌及粒度的,得到了具有Vaterite结构、粒度分布均匀的球形荧光粉的最佳合成工艺.在254nm激发下,水热法的球形Y0.95Eu0.05BO3荧光粉最强发射峰位于598nm处,属于Eu3+的5D0→7F1的跃迁,是固相反应所品的1.5倍.这些结果表明,在PDP和荧光灯等显示和照明用荧光粉的制备中水热法具有潜在的应用. 相似文献
126.
127.
Identification,control strategies,and analytical approaches for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals: A comprehensive review 下载免费PDF全文
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Jafariah Jaafar Khalid Umar Zaiton Abdul Majid Azmi Bin Aris Juhaizah Talib Gajulapalle Madhavi 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(5):764-779
Potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals at trace levels are of increasing concern to both pharmaceutical industries and regulatory agencies due to their possibility for human carcinogenesis. Molecular functional groups that render starting materials and synthetic intermediates as reactive building blocks for small molecules may also be responsible for their genotoxicity. Determination of these genotoxic impurities at trace levels requires highly sensitive and selective analytical methodologies, which poses tremendous challenges on analytical communities in pharmaceutical research and development. Experimental guidance for the analytical determination of some important classes of genotoxic impurities is still unavailable in the literature. Therefore, the present review explores the structural alerts of commonly encountered potential genotoxic impurities, draft guidance of various regulatory authorities in order to control the level of impurities in drug substances and to assess their toxicity. This review also describes the analytical considerations for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities at trace levels and finally few case studies are also discussed for the determination of some important classes of potential genotoxic impurities. It is the authors’ intention to provide a complete strategy that helps analytical scientists for the analysis of such potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals. 相似文献
128.
In this study, a novel method was used to synthesize the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/Fe3O4 (poly(NIPAAm-AA)/Fe3O4) magnetic composite latex. The crosslinked poly(NIPAAm-AA) polymer latex particles were first synthesized by the method of soapless emulsion polymerization, then Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were introduced to bond with the -COOH groups of AA segments in poly(NIPAAm-AA) polymer latex particles. Further by a reaction with NH4OH, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were generated in situ. The concentrations of acrylic acid (AA), crosslinking agent (N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA)), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were important factors to influence the morphology and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(NIPAAm-AA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite latex particles. The poly(NIPAAm-AA)/Fe3O4 latex particles were used as a thermosensitive drug carrier to load caffeine. The control release of caffeine was studies. Morphology-based schematic models were proposed to explain the control release behavior of the composite particles with different compositions. Moreover, the protein (albumin, acetylated from bovine serum (BSA)) was bound on the surface of poly(NIPAAm-AA)/Fe3O4 composite latex particles. The effects of AA, crosslinking agent and Fe3O4 contents on the amount of BSA binding were investigated at different temperatures and pH values. The composition-morphology-BSA conjugation relationship was established. 相似文献
129.
ZWK-100注塑机微机控制系统,是新近研制开发的具有汉字和曲线显示功能,适用于1万克及其以上大型注塑机的微机电气控制系统.本文介绍其工作过程,硬软件结构及其性能等. 相似文献
130.
Z. Murtha H. Rabitz 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,14(2):141-145
A non-iterative means for quantum control design is introduced with the aim of offering practical designs that can later be
fine-tuned with laboratory closed-loop techniques. The procedure recognizes that Hamiltonians for realistic system control
applications are rarely known accurately. The algorithm takes advantage of this fact by allowing for managed deviations in
the equations of motion, thus removing the standard Lagrange multiplier. Suitable time-dependent cost functional weights are
introduced that eliminate the traditional final time matching condition, thereby producing non-iterative design equations
as an initial value problem. Removal of the final time condition also eliminates the demand that the target state be reached
at any artificially imposed time. Tests on a simple molecular system indicate that the algorithm leads to well-behaved designs
and that the weight functions are adequately estimated by order of magnitude analysis.
Received 30 June 2000 and Received in final form 22 November 2000 相似文献