精品课程教材《高分子物理实验》建设的体会——三个及时融入

中国科学技术大学"高分子物理实验"课程是2006年安徽省精品课程,作者结合教学研究和精品课程建设经验,总结出了"三个及时融入"的教材建设理念,本文结合实例对该理念的具体含义进行了阐述.     

耗散粒子动力学和纳维边界条件在微米纳米流体力学模拟中的应用

耗散粒子动力学是一种粗粒化的计算模拟方法,在微米和纳米流体力学中有着广泛的应用.由于界面在微小体积流体中的重要性,边界条件的选取在微米和纳米流体的研究中起到了关键性的作用.我们简单地介绍了耗散粒子动力学的模拟方法,并以此为基础,介绍了能够实现纳维边界条件的可调滑移长度的边界条件模拟方法.通过条纹状图案修饰的超疏水表面的流体力学行为研究,和高分子链在微米纳米流体器件中的运动研究2个例子,耗散粒子动力学结合纳维边界条件的模拟方法的实用性和可靠性得到了证实.     

Study of electron-vibrational interaction and concentration quenching effect of Cu+ ions in lithium based sulphate phosphors

The objective of this work is to study electron-vibrational interaction (EVI) and concentration quenching and their manifestation in experimental photoluminescence spectra of Cu⁺ ion in various lithium based phosphors namely, Li₂SO₄, LiNaSO₄ and LiKSO₄. The main parameters of EVI, such as the Stokes shift, Huang-Rhys factor and zero-phonon line positions, were estimated. The studied systems shows strong electron lattice coupling. The validity of results was established by modeling the shape of the emission spectra, which was found to be in good agreement with experimental photoluminescence spectra. The concentration quenching study is also carried out for these compounds. The studied systems correspond to the nearest neighbor energy transfer mechanism.     

老年人彩度对比敏感度函数研究及滤波应用

为研究老年人彩色视觉频率响应特性，获取彩度对比敏感度与空间频率之间的函数关系，本文在LCH均匀颜色空间基础上，固定明度和色调角值，以彩度作为变量，设计人眼彩度对比敏感度实验，进行人眼视觉观察实验。获得彩度对比敏感度与空间频率的关系，并构建指数型对比敏感度函数模型。经分析表明老年人眼彩度对比敏感度随着空间频率的增加，产生先升高再缓慢降低的变化，各色调角下彩度对比度存在差异。经分析人眼对比敏感度差异与人眼视觉辨色特性有很大的相关性。并且，将构建的对比敏感度函数模型用于实现基于人眼视觉系统的滤波处理。     

Optical biosensor for pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, hormones, endocrine disrupting chemicals and pesticides in water: Assay optimization process for estrone as example

Certain contaminants at trace concentrations in surface waters can have dramatic effects on the hormonal system of organisms in the aquatic environment. Therefore, immunoanalytical methods at a very low limit of detection (LOD) and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) are becoming more and more important for environmental analysis and especially for monitoring drinking water quality. Environmental monitoring of antibiotics, hormones, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and pesticides in real water samples (e.g. surface, ground or drinking water) with difficult matrices places high demands on chemical analysis. Biosensors have suitable characteristics such as efficiency in allowing very fast, sensitive, and cost-effective detection. Here we describe an assay optimization process with a fully automated immunoassay for estrone which resulted in a LOD below 0.20 ng L⁻¹ and a LOQ below 1.40 ng L⁻¹. In contrast to common analytical methods such as GC-MS or HPLC-MS, the biosensor used requires no sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration. The very low validation parameters for estrone are the result of the continuous optimization of the immunoassay. The basis of our sensitive assay is the antibody with a high affinity constant towards estrone. During the optimization process, we reduced the amount of antibody per sample and improved the chip surface modification. Finally, this proceeding led to a calibration routine with an amount of antibody of only 3.0 ng per sample (sample volume: 1.0 mL). The reduction of the amount of antibody per sample results in better validation parameters (LOD, LOQ, and IC₅₀), but this reduction leads to the current device-related limitation of the River Analyser (RIANA).For some endocrine disrupting compounds, no effect levels (NOELs) in the lower nanogram per liter range are reported. This defines the challenge, which analytical methods have to compete with and our RIANA instrument with its improved sensitivity for the detection of a single hormone in the lower nanogram per liter range is a powerful tool in aquatic analytics in addition to the common analytical methods.     

在对比情境中走进真实的化学科学*——高一化学绪言课教学

绪言课的教学效果对于学生后续学习起着举足轻重的作用,基于对高一化学绪言课教学意蕴的分析,选取了历史与现代、生活与科研、国内与国外等多种情境素材,并设计成对比的教学情境,竭力将学生带进真实的化学科学,引领高中化学学习的方向,打开学生的国际视野,培养学生的家国情怀。并结合问卷调查对本节课教学效果进行了反思。     

Processing and error analysis of signals in flow-injection analysis

The processing and error analysis of signals in flow-injection systems were systematically studied by simulation and experimental measurements. The content includes an error analysis for peak-height and peak-area signal, a least-squares filtering procedure applied to the flow-injection curve and a peak recognition to remove interferences from air bubbles. Simulation results were obtained by statistical processing of peak-height and peak-area values from Gaussian curves to which noise had been added. The experimental measurements were done by an automatic flow-injection device to obtain detailed information for each individual point of a peak. 2-(2-Arsenophenylazo)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenylazo-4-sulphonic acid)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulphonic acid (DCSA) was used for measuring physical dispersion alone, and Fe(II)-o-phenanthroline for the measurement of both physical dispersion and chemical reaction. The results from computer simulation and experiments agreed well.     

CGEMA and VGAP: a Colour Graphics Editor for Multiple Alignment using a Variable GAP penalty. Application to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Summary Today, more than 40 protein amino acid (AA) sequences of membrane receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) are available. For those working in the field of medicinal chemistry, these sequences present a new type of information that should be taken into consideration. To make maximal use of sequence data it is essential to be able to compare different protein sequences in a similar way to that used for small molecules. A prerequisite, however, is the availability of a processing environment that enables one to handle sequences in an easy way, both by hand and by computer. In order to meet these ends, the package CGEMA (Colour Graphics Editor for Multiple Alignment) was developed in our laboratory. The programme uses a user-definable colour coding for the different AAs. Sequences can be aligned by hand or by computer, using VGAP, and both approaches can be combined. VGAP is a novel in-house written alignment programme with a variable gap penalty that also handles consecutive alignments using one sequence as a probe. In addition, secondary structure prediction tools are available.From the 20 protein sequences, available for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, 13 different sequences were selected, covering the subtypes m1 to m5. By comparing the sequences, two major groups are revealed that correspond to those found by considering the transducing system coupled to the various receptor subtypes. Different parts of the protein sequences are identified as characterizing the subtype and binding the ligands, respectively.     

量子点荧光印迹传感器的计算机模拟设计、制备及检测河水中4-硝基苯酚的应用

将量子点的荧光特性、表面分子印迹技术与计算机模拟技术相结合,分别以碲化镉、4-硝基苯酚、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸四乙酯作为量子点、模板分子、功能单体和交联剂,制得具有荧光特性的分子印迹聚合物.对其结构、形貌、荧光性能和选择性进行了表征,结果表明,该聚合物对4-硝基苯酚具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,线性范围为1.0~80 nmol/m L,检出限为0.05 nmol/m L.将制备的量子点荧光印迹聚合物作为传感器,应用于河水中4-硝基苯酚的测定,加标回收率为98.6%~101.2%,相对标准偏差最高为1.37%.     

早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及CMT值变化的影响

本文探讨了早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)值变化的影响.将因视网膜分支静脉阻塞行激光治疗的30例患者纳入激光组,同期行常规治疗的30例患者纳入对照组,对比两组临床疗效、视力、CMT值变化、眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检查渗透率及并发症.结果显示,治疗后激光组患者临床治疗总...