Using activity focus networks to pressure terrorist organizations

The predominant idea for using network concepts to fight terrorists centers on disabling key parts of their communication networks. Although this counternetwork strategy is clearly a sound approach, it is vulnerable to missing, incomplete, or erroneous information about the network. This paper describes a different and complementary application of network concepts to terrorist organizations. It is based on activity focus networks (AFNs), which represent the complex activity system of an organization. An activity focus is a conceptual or physical entity around which joint activity is organized. Any organization has a number of these, which are in some cases compatible and in some cases incompatible. The set of foci and their relations of compatibility and incompatibility define the AFN. A hypothetical AFN for a terrorist organization is specified and tested in a simulation called AQAS. It shows that certain activity foci, and in particular one combination, have high potential as pressure points for the activity system. The AFN approach complements the counternetwork approach by reducing the downside risk of incomplete information about the communication network, and enhancing the effectiveness of counternetwork approaches over time. Steven R. Corman is Professor in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University and Chair of the Organizational Communication Division of the International Communication Association. His research interests include communication networks and activity systems, high-resolution text and discourse analysis, and modeling and simulation of human communication systems.     

A novel quasi-phase-matching frequency doubling technique

A new quasi-phase-matching technique for efficient second-harmonic generation is reported. It is based on the spatial periodic modulation of the light intensity along the propagation direction, rather than the conventional spatial periodic modulation of the nonlinear optical coefficients. It can be realized by using a novel dual-channel waveguide frequency doubler structure for the desired light intensity distribution. This dual-channel waveguide device has major advantages including very small beam size, high light intensity within long nonlinear-waveguide interaction length, highly efficient second-harmonic generation, ease in fabrication of the nonlinear channel waveguides without any spatially periodic poling, and low waveguide propagation losses. The new quasi-phase-matching technique can also be applied to third-harmonic generation and other nonlinear optics processes.     

On timing Jitter in wavelength-division multiplexed soliton systems

Collision-induced timing shifts in a wavelength-division multiplexed soliton system are computed when damping, amplification, filtering and positive dispersion management following the loss profile are included. A statistical analysis is presented which takes into account the resulting effect of the large number of collisions occurring in the fiber. Analytic expressions are derived for the root mean square timing jitter and the maximum length of error-free transmission with an arbitrary number of channels. An extensive analysis of system performance corresponding to situations with and without filters and/or dispersion management is carried out.     

稀疏信道条件下正交多载波扩频水声通信无导频信道估计算法

提出了一种无导频信道估计算法,该算法首先利用水声信道的稀疏特性对扩频信号进行识别,再利用扩频信号识别结果对水声信道响应进行判决反馈估计,从而实现对稀疏水声信道响应的可靠重建。仿真和湖上试验结果证实:无导频信道估计算法可以在不降低通信质量的前提下,实现对水声通信信号的稳健均衡,提升水声通信速率。     

基于无线通信的接触式带钢板形信号采集系统研制

针对滑环结构的接触式板形测试仪存在的不足,采用无线通信方式,研制了多单片机系统的嵌入式板形信号采集系统,通过光电接近开关的合理安装设计,巧妙解决了检测辊正反转时的信号采集和每组4个传感器信号区分问题,并给出了I2C总线系统中主、从单片机的流程。现场试验表明,在传感器为30组,检测辊10圈/秒转动时,系统的可靠性、数据传输速率和误码率均可满足板形闭环控制的要求。     

Evacuation assistants: An extended model for determining effective locations and optimal numbers

The present research presents an extended evacuation field model for simulating crowd emergency evacuation processes under the control of evacuation assistants. Furthermore, a communication field for describing the escape information transmission process and its effect on evacuees is introduced. The effective locations and optimal numbers of evacuation assistants as generated through the model are proposed in an effort to verify as well as enhance existing models. Results show the following. (1) Locating evacuation assistants near exits reduces the time delay for pre-evacuation. (2) There is an optimal number of evacuation assistants for achieving evacuation efficiency; having excessive numbers of evacuation assistants does not improve the evacuation efficiency, and they may result in evacuation time delay and hinder the evacuation efficiency. (3) As the number of evacuees increases, the number of evacuation assistants needed decreases.     

SCM-OFDM系统中一种新型的盲频偏估计方法

该文提出了一种用于重叠码调制-正交频分复用(SCM-OFDM)系统中基于信号检测的频偏估计方法。这种估计方法首先利用SCM迭代检测器输出的判决符号重构接收信号,再利用最小均方误差准则对频偏进行估计。该方法不需要额外的训练序列或导频符号,是一种高效的盲频偏估计方法。此外,该文还提出了一种改进的频偏估计方法。在改进的方法中,接收机将频偏估计与信号检测进行联合迭代;这样在每一次迭代过程中,信号检测和频偏估计都需要执行一次,并且接收机在信号检测时可以利用上一次得到的频偏估计值进行频偏补偿。仿真结果表明,该文提出的基于信号检测的频偏估计方法能够高效并准确地估计出SCM-OFDM系统的频偏。     

基于跳频技术的卫星通信干扰分析与比较

简要分析了跳频通信的基本特点和优点，通过计算和比较卫星通信常见的几种干扰方式（宽带噪声干扰、窄带噪声干扰和脉冲干扰）的处理增益和误码率，得出了脉冲干扰对跳频技术下的卫星通信具有较好的干扰效果这一结论，并给出了与理论分析相一致的仿真结果。     

基于USB的铁精粉在线监测数据通信实现方法

探讨了铁精粉铁品位在线监测的测试原理,给出了基于USB的铁品位在线监测通信系统的实现方案,设计了以STM32F103为核心控制芯片的单片机系统硬件电路,针对不同的传输要求,分别利用USB接口技术、RS485-USB接口技术以及无线USB技术,进行高速、低成本、距离可选的数据传输通信。基于USB2.0版本协议,进行了USB固件编程、驱动程序以及应用程序的开发,采用Visual C#进行计算机控制处理软件的编程及调试,实现了对设备的设置和控制、数据的读写、显示等功能。     

基站蓄电池监测系统及性能分析

详细阐述了基站蓄电池性能老化原因、基站蓄电池检测系统功能、硬件组成及系统实施效果;通过对现网分析,得出了对蓄电池的有效监测方法及衡量蓄电池的重要参数,希望能对今后的基站通信安全有所帮助。