Cryogenic absorption cells operating inside a Bruker IFS-125HR: First results for CH4 at 7 μm

New absorption cells designed specifically to achieve stable temperatures down to 66 K inside the sample compartment of an evacuated Bruker IFS-125HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) were developed at Connecticut College and tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The temperature stabilized cryogenic cells with path lengths of 24.29 and 20.38 cm were constructed of oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper and fitted with wedged ZnSe windows using vacuum tight indium seals. In operation, the temperature-controlled cooling by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator achieved stability of ±0.01 K. The unwanted absorption features arising from cryodeposits on the cell windows at low temperatures were eliminated by building an internal vacuum shroud box around the cell which significantly minimized the growth of cryodeposits. The effects of vibrations from the closed-cycle helium refrigerator on the FTS spectra were characterized. Using this set up, several high-resolution spectra of methane isotopologues broadened with nitrogen were recorded in the 1200-1800 cm⁻¹ spectral region at various sample temperatures between 79.5 and 296 K. Such data are needed to characterize the temperature dependence of spectral line shapes at low temperatures for remote sensing of outer planets and their moons. Initial analysis of a limited number of spectra in the region of the R(2) manifold of the ν₄ fundamental band of ¹³CH₄ indicated that an empirical power law used for the temperature dependence of the N₂-broadened line widths would fail to fit the observed data in the entire temperature range from 80 to 296 K; instead, it follows a temperature-dependence similar to that reported by Mondelain et al. [17] and [18]. The initial test was very successful proving that a high precision Fourier transform spectrometer with a completely evacuated optical path can be configured for spectroscopic studies at low temperatures relevant to the planetary atmospheres.     

回收LNG冷能的新型碳二烃两级膨胀朗肯循环

提出了一种新型的回收LNG冷能的两级膨胀朗肯动力循环,可以乙烯或乙烷作为工质。此工艺流程采用多股流低温板翅式换热器(MSCHE)作为主要设备,使工质两级膨胀并采用回热过程,可以使循环的冷能利用效率得到明显提高。针对此工艺分别以乙烯或乙烷为工质,与LNG直接膨胀结合和不结合,共四种方案采用HYSYS软件进行工艺模拟,并对模拟结果进行了比较和分析,可得出无LNG膨胀的乙烯两级膨胀工艺流程最为合理,其冷能和火用的利用率可以分别达到19.67%和21.75%。     

基于STC89C51的新型液氮低温微创冷冻控制系统设计

设计了一种新型液氮低温微创冷冻控制系统,详述了系统的控制原理及各功能模块的实现.采用热流平衡原理、PID技术与STC89C51单片机及外围控制电路对冷冻冻结面范围、液氮瓶压力及冷刀刀头温度进行实时控制和显示.应用结果表明:该系统运行稳定,可靠性高,操作简单.     

某医学院附属医院洁净手术部空调设计

介绍了工程的空调设计,包括设计指标,空调冷热源,水系统,风系统,自动控制系统等.总结了工程中的节能设计.     

Determination of the Mercury Isotopic Ratio by Cold Vapor Generation Sector Field–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry Using Lead as the Internal Standard

Lead was applied as an internal standard for the determination of Hg isotopic ratios. Cold vapor generation (CV) coupled with sector field–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (CV-SF-ICP-MS) was used for determination of Hg. It was effective to avoid interferences of Pb from samples while improving the sensitivity of Hg isotopic analysis by an approximate factor of 45 times higher than the aerosol mode. CV-SF-ICP-MS system was constructed and operational parameters were optimized. Research showed that the long stability of the system was limited by SF-ICP-MS and had no relationship with CV under the optimized conditions. The optimized precision of Hg isotopic ratio analysis was approximately 0.1% during 4?h. Five models were applied for the mass bias correction and the Baxter model obtained the smallest relative difference, 0.52‰. The results showed that the mean value of NIST SRM 3133 Hg isotopic ratios obtained by Pb internal standard was nearly identical with the value for Tl. The same performance was also obtained in two environmental reference materials. The results show that Pb may be used as the internal standard for determination of Hg isotopic ratio instead of Tl.     

Fluorine-based plasmas: Main features and application in micro-and nanotechnology and in surface treatment

Fluorine cold plasmas produced by an electrical discharge in SF₆, CF₄, CHF₃ or C₄F₈ gases, principally, have two main fields of application. The first and historical application is etching of materials for microelectronics and later for micro- and nanotechnology. The second concerns the modification of surface properties, mostly in terms of reflectance and wettability. After an introduction to cold plasmas and plasma–surface interaction principles, the article aims at presenting successively the evolution of fluorine plasma etching processes since the origin with respect to other halogen-based routes in microelectronics, the important and raising application in deep etching and microtechnology, and finally some examples in surface treatment.     

板带轧机轧辊偏心补偿的仿真研究

随着对带钢质量要求的提高,轧辊偏心已成为影响产品质量的重要因素.本文在冷轧轧机的板厚控制模型的基础上,建立了300冷轧机的偏心补偿控制方法.本文利用小波对轧制力信号进行多层分解,将偏心信号与干扰和噪声分离,并进行优化补偿,通过实时控制对轧辊偏心进行补偿,仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效补偿轧辊偏心对板厚的影响.     

冷原子系综中偏振关联光子对的产生和测量

我们在~(87)Rb冷原子系综中进行了关联光子对的产生和测量。通过自发拉曼散射过程,产生了一个Stokes光子和一个原子自旋波激发。利用电磁感应透明效应将存储在原子系综中的自旋波转化为一个anti-Stokes光子。在两相互正交的偏振基下,测量了Stokes光子和anti-Stokes光子之间的交叉关联函数。实验结果表明,交叉关联函数g~(2)达到~75,表现了强的非经典关联。基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的自编程的多通道符合器被用于光子脉冲信号的采集和逻辑处理,大大提高了偏振关联光子对的产生和测量速度,为以后量子中继技术中的高效信息处理提供了重要基础。     

王水消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中汞

为了寻求一种更加适宜测定土壤中汞含量的测试方法,将检出限低、精密度高的冷原子吸收光谱法与便捷、高效的王水水浴消解土壤处理方式相结合,建立了王水消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中汞。通过测定方法的线性相关性、方法检出限、准确度、精密度、加标回收率,并与原子荧光光谱法进行对比实验来评价该方法的有效性。王水消解-冷原子吸收光谱法在汞质量浓度0.0～1.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数可以达到0.999 9,方法检出限为0.000 75mg/kg,土壤标准样品测试的相对标准偏差为4.0%～10.7%,实际样品加标回收率分别为93%～104%。采用原子荧光光谱法进行对比测试,原子荧光光谱法的方法检出限为0.002 5 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为4.8%～13.5%,加标回收率为104%～107%。结果表明,对于王水水浴消解土壤的方法不仅适用于原子荧光光谱法测定汞含量,同样可以应用于冷原子吸收光谱法中。所建立的王水消解-冷原子吸收光谱法具有更低的检出限,更优的准确度和精密度,有利于提高土壤样品测试的工作效率,值得推广。     

离子液体在大气压等离子体中稳定性研究

采用发射光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和核磁共振技术分析1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[Bmim]HSO₄）, 1-丁基吡啶硫酸氢盐（HSO₄）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟化硼（[Bmim]BF₄）三种离子液体在大气压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体体系中的稳定性,并分别以上述三种离子液体为辅助液采用大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体技术制备TiO₂,进一步研究三种离子液体在等离子体中的稳定性对所制备的TiO₂晶相结构的影响。结果表明：向大气压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体中分别引入[Bmim]HSO₄,HSO₄和[Bmim]BF₄离子液体后并未改变氩等离子体放电光谱谱峰的位置和数量且没有新的谱峰生成,但谱峰强度都明显降低,说明上述三种离子液体没有在等离子体区蒸发形成激发态物种;[Bmim]HSO₄和HSO₄放电前后的红外吸收光谱基本一致,表明离子液体在放电后的化学键未发生改变;[Bmim]HSO₄和HSO₄的紫外可见吸收光谱显示其吸收峰的位置和强度未发生改变,说明两种离子液体在等离子体作用后的结构是稳定的;[Bmim]BF₄放电前后的红外吸收光谱各个特征峰并无明显差异,但其紫外可见吸收光谱图谱吸收峰的位置却发生较大的偏移,进一步对放电前后的[Bmim]BF₄离子液体进行核磁共振分析,两者的1H NMR峰数相同,但放电后的离子液体化学位移向高位偏移大约0.2单位,说明其化学环境发生了变化,表明有部分[Bmim]BF₄结构发生改变。光谱和核磁共振技术分析表明离子液体[Bmim]BF₄在等离子体作用后结构发生了改变。采用三种离子液体辅助大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体技术制备TiO₂样品的X-射线衍射分析结果表明 [Bmim]HSO₄和HSO₄辅助制备的HSO₄-TiO₂和[Bmim]HSO₄-TiO₂,谱图与锐钛矿相TiO₂标准谱图基本一致,表明所制备的TiO₂为纯锐钛矿型。而[Bmim]BF₄辅助制备的[Bmim]BF₄-TiO₂在2θ=24.1°处的衍射峰向小角度偏移,2θ=48°处的衍射峰向大角度偏移,说明[Bmim]BF₄在辅助制备TiO₂过程中,F进入TiO₂的晶格,破坏了TiO₂原子间的平衡状态,生成了F掺杂TiO₂光催化材料。F掺杂TiO₂光催化材料的形成也间接证明了离子液体[Bmim]BF₄在大气压等离子体中的不稳定性,此结果与核磁共振及紫外可见光的检测结果相一致。同时说明离子液体在等离子体的作用下对于纯锐钛矿晶格的形成和促进高活性掺杂型的光催化材料具有重要作用。为等离子体辅助离子液体制备高性能纳米材料提供重要的实验和理论依据。