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991.
Te-Hua Fang 《Applied Surface Science》2005,252(5):1863-1869
The nanoindentation characterizations and mechanical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) films deposited on glass substrates, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, were studied, which included the effects of the indentation loads, the loading time and the hold time on the thin film. The surface roughness, fractal dimension and frictional coefficient were also studied by varying the freon flow rates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and frictional force microscopy (FFM) were used to analyze the morphology of the microstructure. The results showed that crystalline structure of the film had a high intensity (1 1 0) peak orientation, especially at a low freon flow rate. According to the nanoindentation records, the Young's modulus ranged from 62.4 to 75.1 GPa and the hardness ranged from 5.1 to 9.9 GPa at a freon flow rate of 8000 sccm. The changes in measured properties were due to changing loading rate. 相似文献
992.
研究了惩罚移位法应用于一类种群扩散系统最优边界控制的计算,构造了其逼近程序,并证明了这种方法的收敛性. 相似文献
993.
A new numerical method called high accuracy time and space transform method (TSTM) is introduced to solve the advection–diffusion equation in an unbounded domain. By a spatial transform, the advection–diffusion equation in the unbounded domain Rn is converted to one on the bounded domain [?1, 1]n, and the Laplace transform is applied to eliminate time dependency. The consequent boundary value problem is solved by collocation on Chebyshev points. To face the well‐known computational challenge represented by the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, Talbot's method is applied, consisting of numerically integrating the Bromwich integral on a special contour by means of trapezoidal or midpoint rules. Numerical experiments illustrate that TSTM has exponential rate in time and space. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
The kinetics and thermodynamics of point defect diffusion in non-stoichiometric cuprous oxide, Cu2−yO, has been studied as a function of temperature (1173–1373 K) and oxygen pressure (102–7×104 Pa) using microthermogravimetric reequilibration technique. It has been shown that the defect diffusion coefficient of cation vacancies, constituting the predominant point defects in this oxide does not change with their concentration, clearly indicating that these defects do not interact and are randomly distributed in the crystal lattice. Consequently, cation vacancy diffusion coefficient, DV, being the direct measure of defect mobility, can be described by the following empirical equation: 相似文献
995.
Light scattering near and from interfaces using evanescent wave and ellipsometric light scattering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The broad range of interface light scattering investigations in recent years shows the power and the versatility of these techniques to address new and open questions in colloid and interface science and the soft condensed matter field. Structural information for polymers, liquid crystals, or colloids close to planar or spherical colloidal interfaces are either captured with long range light scattering resolution, or in a complementary approach by high resolution ellipsometric techniques. Of special interest is the dynamic behavior close to or in interfaces, since it determines material properties and responses to external fields. Due to the broad dynamical range and the high scattering contrast for visible light, interface light scattering is a key to elucidate soft matter interfacial dynamics. This contribution reviews experimental and related theoretical approaches for interface light scattering and further gives an overview of achievements based on such techniques. 相似文献
996.
Zhen Yu Yuping Duan Lidong Liu Shunhua Liu Xujing Liu Xiaogang Li 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2009,41(5):361-365
Hot‐dipped aluminum copper with plating auxiliary KF is introduced in this work. In this study, the intermetallic layer thickness varies with dipping temperature and time in a linear relationship. The main phases are identified to be CuAl2 and K3AlF6 by means of X‐ray diffraction. The reaction equations are deduced according to the elements concentration gradient in cross section. The copper diffusion rate in liquid Al is calculated to be 1.13 × 10−12 m2/s by Fick's second law in semi‐infinite solid model, and the obtained conductivity is 1.758–1.767 × 10−2 Ω mm2/m. The results indicate that the interfacial bonding is in a good state and plating auxiliary KF aqueous solution. can significantly improve the substrate wettability. The appropriate hot‐dipping condition for the samples is 953–973 K for 4–8 s. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
Jela Babusikova 《Applications of Mathematics》2001,46(6):419-437
In this paper we are concerned with the solution of degenerate variational inequalities. To solve this problem numerically, we propose a numerical scheme which is based on the relaxation scheme using non-standard time discretization. The approximate solution on each time level is obtained in the iterative way by solving the corresponding elliptic variational inequalities. The convergence of the method is proved. 相似文献
998.
Thomas Schubert Michael Bärmann Monika Rusp Walter Gränzer Motomu Tanaka 《Journal of membrane science》2008
In this work cellular bovine prion protein (PrPc) was incorporated in supported lipid membranes and its lateral diffusion was studied by single-dye tracking (SDT) and a complementary ensemble method, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). PrPc was purified from calf brain with its native glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and reconstituted into DMPC lipid vesicles. Homogeneous spreading on solid supports over macroscopic areas was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. FRAP results demonstrated very high mobile fractions of up to 94%, confirming that most of the GPI-anchored PrPc are freely diffusive in the fluid supported membrane matrix. Moreover, the lateral diffusivity of PrPc significantly depends on the pH of the buffer, suggesting that the conformation of PrPc and thus the frictional drag exerted to the protein molecule (and thus the effective hydrodynamic radius) is influenced by the effective net charge. To complement the ensemble results obtained by FRAP, the statistical variation of lateral diffusion coefficients of individual PrPc molecules in the supported membranes were measured with SDT. Simulation-based statistical analysis indicated that in addition to the expected statistical scatter there is a significant spread of diffusion coefficients, while the average of the diffusion coefficients of individual proteins obtained by SDT is in excellent agreement with those measured by ensemble FRAP. In further experiments, PrPc was laterally concentrated in the membrane by the application of tangential electric fields (membrane electrophoresis). However, the equilibrium concentration profile reached after 20 min was different from an exponential gradient. This finding suggests that PrPc purified from bovine brain possesses non-uniform net charges. As the lateral diffusion coefficient of proteins in two-dimensional lipid membranes sensitively depends upon the frictional drag, the combination of SDT, ensemble FRAP, and membrane electrophoresis can be used as a powerful tool to gain insights into protein–protein binding and oligomer formation that would play a crucial role in infectious protein transmitted diseases such as BSE. 相似文献
999.
This paper concerns with properties of solutions of a nonlinear diffusion problem in non-divergence form.By constructing proper test functions,it is proved that solutions of the problem possess the property of localization. 相似文献
1000.
G. Wolschin 《Annalen der Physik》2008,17(7):462-476
The short parton production phase in high‐energy heavy‐ion collisions is treated analytically as a nonlinear diffusion process. The initial buildup of the rapidity density distributions of produced charged hadrons within τp? 0.25 fm/c occurs in three sources during the colored partonic phase. In a two‐step approach, the subsequent diffusion in pseudorapidity space during the interaction time of τint? 7‐10 fm/c (mean duration of the collision) is essentially linear as expressed in the Relativistic Diffusion Model (RDM) which yields excellent agreement with the data at RHIC energies, and allows for predictions at LHC energies. Results for d+Au are discussed in detail. 相似文献