The first-principles study of ferroelectric behaviours of PbTiO3/SrTiO3 and BaTiOn/SrTiO3 superlattices

We have performed the first-principles calculation to investigate the origins of ferroelectricities and different po- larization behaviours of superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3 and PbTiO3/SrTiO3. The density of state （DOS） and electronic charge profiles show that there are strong hybridizations between atoms Ti and O and between atoms Pb and O which play very important roles in producing the ferroelectricities of superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3 and PbTiO3/SrTiO3. Ow- ing to the decline of internal electric field in SrTiO3 （ST） layer, the tetragonality and polarizations of superlattices decrease with increasing the fraction of SrTiO3 in the superlattices. We find that the polarization of PbTiO3/SrTiO3 is largerthan that of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 at the same ratio of components, because the polarization mismatch between PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 is larger than that between BaTiO3 and SrTiO3. The polarization and tetragonality are en- hanced with respect to those of bulk tetragonal BaTiO3 in the superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3, while the polarization and tetragonality are reduced with respect to those of bulk tetragonal PbTiO3 in superlattices PbTiO3/SrTiO3.     

Dual-wavelength nonvolatile holographic storage

A simple, convenient and effective way is demonstrated to reduce the field losses of the reconstructed image in the dual-wavelength nonvolatile holographic storage by adding a cylindrical lens in the holographic recording configuration. The experimental results show that this technique makes the dual-wavelength nonvolatile holographic storage compact and practical.     

Quantifying the value of buyer–vendor coordination: Analytical and numerical results under different replenishment cost structures

Despite a growing interest in channel coordination, no detailed analytical or numerical results measuring its impact on system performance have been reported in the literature. Hence, this paper aims to develop analytical and numerical results documenting the system-wide cost improvement rates that are due to coordination. To this end, we revisit the classical buyer–vendor coordination problem introduced by Goyal [S.K. Goyal, An integrated inventory model for a single-supplier single-customer problem. International Journal of Production Research 15 (1976) 107–111] and extended by Toptal et al. [A. Toptal, S. Çetinkaya, C.-Y. Lee, The buyer–vendor coordination problem: modeling inbound and outbound cargo capacity and costs, IIE Transactions on Logistics and Scheduling 35 (2003) 987–1002] to consider generalized replenishment costs under centralized decision making. We analyze (i) how the counterpart centralized and decentralized solutions differ from each other, (ii) under what circumstances their implications are similar, and (iii) the effect of generalized replenishment costs on the system-wide cost improvement rates that are due to coordination. First, considering Goyal’s basic setting, we show that the improvement rate depends on cost parameters. We characterize this dependency analytically, develop analytical bounds on the improvement rate, and identify the problem instances in which considerable savings can be achieved through coordination. Next, we analyze Toptal et al.’s [A. Toptal, S. Çetinkaya, C.-Y. Lee, The buyer–vendor coordination problem: modeling inbound and outbound cargo capacity and costs, IIE Transactions on Logistics and Scheduling 35 (2003) 987–1002] extended setting that considers generalized replenishment costs representing inbound and outbound transportation considerations, and we present detailed numerical results quantifying the value of coordination. We report significant improvement rates with and without explicit transportation considerations, and we present numerical evidence which suggests that larger rates are more likely in the former case.     

Channel coding for satellite mobile channels

The deployment of channel coding and interleaving to enhance the bit-error performance of a satellite mobile radio channel is addressed for speech and data transmissions. Different convolutional codes (CC) using Viterbi decoding with soft decision are examined with inter-block interleaving. Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with Berlekamp-Massey hard decision decoding or soft decision trellis decoding combined with block interleaving are also investigated. A concatenated arrangement employing RS and CC coding as the outer and inner coders, respectively, is used for transmissions via minimum shift keying (MSK) over Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels. For an interblock interleaving period of 2880 bits, a concatenated arrangement of an RS(48,36). over the Galois field GF(256) and punctured PCC(3,1,7) yielding an overall coding rate of 1/2, provides a coding gain of 42dB for a BER of 10^?6, and an uncorrectable error detection probability of 1–10^?9.     

天线特性测量中极化基失配的影响及校准

对一部待测、待评估的天线,其交叉极化特性实际上是依赖于极化基的,极化基匹配或失配情况下,得到的交叉极化性能评估结果也不一样.文中首先建立了天线极化特性测最模型,推导了交叉极化测量校准约束模型,给出了该约束下的最佳收发极化基.并针对实际的雷达天线进行了外场测量实验,实测处理结果验证了上述结论.利用约束模型可对实测的极化方向图实现有效的校准.     

MIMO无线通信系统的信道建模

MIMO信道的空时特性是决定空时信号处理的关键,一个体现信道衰落特性的MIMO信道模型对MIMO技术的研究和应用是至关重要的。本文回顾了MIMO信道建模的发展,阐述了几个典型的信道模型,指出其适用范围,给出了几个需进一步考虑的关键特性。     

Study and analysis of coefficient mismatch in a MASH21 sigma-delta modulator

The quantization noise leakage of the first stage in a MASH21 sigma-delta modulator is analyzed.The results show that the finite DC gain of the opamp is the main reason for noise leakage,and finite GBW and SR only generate harmonic distortion.The relationship between DC gain and leakage is modeled and conclusions on design criteria are reached.As an example,a MASH21 modulator for a digital audio application is realized.This modulator, fabricated in an 0.18μm mixed signal process,achieves an SNDR of 91 dB...     

A channel assignment algorithm via conflict shifting for distributed cognitive networks

Channel assignment is a challenge for distributed cognitive networks due to spectrum mobility and lack of centralized entity. We present a dynamic and efficient algorithm via conflict shifting, referred as Shifting-based Channel Assignment (SCA). In this algorithm, the system was modeled with a conflict graph, and users cannot assign the channels that primary users (legacy users) and neighbors already occupied. In order to eliminate the conflicts between neighbors efficiently, secondary users (unlicensed users) try to transfer them through a straight path to the boundary, where conflicts are easier to solve as there are less neighbors for boundary users. Actions in one shift are executed in slots, and users act in a synchronous and separated manner. As a result, some of the conflicting channels are avoid from directly abandoned, and for this, utility of the entire network can be improved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide similar utility performance while obviously reducing the communication cost than bargaining-base algorithms. In small scale networks with low user mobility (under 20%), it reduces 50% of the communication overhead than the later.     

A low-overhead and reliable switch architecture for Network-on-Chips

This paper proposes and evaluates Low-overhead, Reliable Switch (LRS) architecture to enhance the reliability of Network-on-Chips (NoCs). The proposed switch architecture exploits information and hardware redundancies to eliminate retransmission of faulty flits. The LRS architecture creates a redundant copy of each newly received flit and stores the redundant flit in a duplicated flit buffer that is associated with the incoming channel of the flit. Flit buffers in the LRS are equipped with information redundancy to detect probable bit flip errors. When an error is detected in a flit buffer, its duplicated buffer is used to recover the correct value of the flit. In this way, the propagation of the erroneous flits in NoC is prevented without any need to credit signals and, retransmission buffers. Using an HDL-based NoC simulator, the LRS is compared to two other widely used reliability enhancement methods: the Switch-to-Switch (S2S) and the End-to-End (E2E) methods. The simulation results show that the LRS consumes less power and provides higher performance compared to those of the E2E and S2S methods. More importantly, unlike the E2E and the S2S methods, the LRS has constant overheads, which makes it applicable in all working conditions. To validate the comparison, an analytical performance and reliability model is developed for the LRS, S2S and E2E methods. The results of the model match those obtained from the simulations while the proposed model is significantly faster.     

基于时间估计的动态频谱接入算法

基于先验知识模型,设计了基于信道剩余空闲时间估计的动态频谱接入算法：每个次用户根据感知历史维护信道剩余空闲时间的估计向量并周期进行更新,每个时隙开始时次用户选择剩余空闲时间估计最大的信道接入。对动态频谱接入算法的适应性问题进行了分析,并求得了次用户的最优传输时间长度。仿真结果表明,在给定的参数下,新算法的信道利用率比其他算法提高约5%-10%,同时对主用户的干扰保持最低。