Investigation of tannery liming waste water using green synthesised iron oxide nano particles

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed that non-toxic, less expensive, easily available, safer to environment and previously unreported Eclipta prostrata leaf extract is used for the green synthesis of iron oxide nano particles. The iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised by UV–visible, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tannery effluents treated by photodegradation process and the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and sulphide were analysed. The maximum removal efficiency correlated with operating parameters was explained using response surface methodology with Boxmen Beckmen design.     

Hydrolysis of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene Catalyzed by Cationic Micelles

Micellar catalysis by nine cationic surfactants of the basic hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) was studied. The results obtained are as follows: (I) The second-order constants k₂ for the hydrolysis reaction of DNCB catalized by the cationic micelles increase by a factor of 11–100 than that in water. Plots of k₂ against the surfactant concentration show an S-type curve, and the catalytic effect is observed below the critical micelle concentration(CMC) of the surfactants. (2) For a series of surfactants, there is an optimal chain length for the alkyl of the surfactants to show the greatest catalytic effect. (3) The hydrolysis rate of DNCB decreases as the base concentration increases. (4) For the surfactants with the same hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, chlorides have advantage over bromides in enhancing the reaction rate. These results can be interpreted in term of the changes in CMC, micelle size, solubilization capacity of the micelles, binding degree of counterion et al.     

硫化的激光器腔面上溅射ZnS钝化膜的研究

提出了一种新的激光器腔面钝化方法.先用(NH4)2S溶液硫化解理后的激光器腔面,然后使用磁控溅射方法对激光器的前腔面镀ZnS钝化膜、后腔面镀Si/SiO2高反射膜.ZnS钝化层光学厚度为λ/4,在中心波长为808 nm处透过率可达95.5%.钝化前激光器的光学灾变损伤(COD)阈值为1.6 W,钝化后为2.0 W,提高了25%倍;未镀膜的激光器阈值电流为0.25 A,经硫化再镀ZnS后阈值电流为0.20 A,降低了20%.实验结果表明,经硫化后溅射ZnS对激光器腔面具有良好的钝化和增透效果.     

Industrial indigo dyeing wastewater purification: Effective COD removal with peroxi-AC electrocoagulation system

Direct current (DC) electrocoagulation has obvious decolorization effect on indigo dyeing wastewater produced in actual production, while the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was less than 40%, accompanied by serious electrode corrosion and high energy consumption. In order to enhance the COD removal rate, reduce the electrode loss and power consumption, a peroxi-alternating current (AC) electrocoagulation (EC) system was constructed. With COD as the main evaluation index, the effects of power type, electrode combination and process parameters on COD removal rate and decolorization rate were focused on and explored, as well as revealing the degradation mechanism of COD. The results showed that AC electrocoagulation enhanced the floc adsorption capacity by improving the floc structure, and the COD removal rate after treatment was 51.19%. The coupled system of peroxi-AC electrocoagulation further removed sulfite and residual dyes in the wastewater, and the COD removal and decolorization rate of the treated wastewater reached 78.09% and 98.47%, respectively. In addition, the specific energy consumption analysis of COD removal showed that the coupled system was far less energetic than the DC electrocoagulation process, with only 30% of its energy consumption. The uniform corrosion of the electrode under the action of AC weakened the passivation, which reduced the electrode loss and power consumption by 22.73% and 43.75%, respectively. Results from the present work indicated that the peroxi-AC EC system could be an effective method for reducing the concentration of COD in indigo dyeing wastewater.