Effective lidar ratios of dense dust layers over North Africa derived from the CALIOP measurements

Lidar ratio (i.e., extinction-to-backscatter ratio) is a key parameter required for retrieving extinction profiles and optical depths from elastic backscatter lidar measurements, and the quality of any extinction retrieval depends critically on the accuracy of the assumed or measured lidar ratio. In this study, we analyze the first two and a half years of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data acquired during nighttime. Distributions of the effective lidar ratio (ELR), which is the product of the lidar ratio and an instrument-dependent multiple scattering factor, are derived for opaque dust layers observed by CALIOP over the North Africa. The median and mean ELR values are, respectively, 36.4 and 38.5 sr at 532 nm and 47.7 and 50.3 sr at 1064 nm. For these opaque dust layers, the derived ELR decreases as the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) increases, reflecting the impact of multiple scattering within the dense layers. The particulate depolarization ratio is typically ∼0.3 at 532 nm for African dust observed by CALIOP. This ratio can increase to ∼0.4 in the presence of significant multiple scattering. Correspondingly, the calculated ELR will decrease to ∼20 sr at 532 nm and to ∼30 sr at 1064 nm. The median and mean effective lidar ratio values approach, respectively, to 38 and 40 sr at 532 nm and 52 and 55 sr at 1064 nm for smaller VDR values measured in less dense layers where the multiple scattering is relatively insignificant. These values are very close to those derived in previous case studies for moderately dense dust. Case studies are also performed to examine the impacts of multiple scattering. The results obtained are generally consistent with Monte-Carlo simulations.     

利用星载激光雷达研究中国海及其周边海域的云层分布

利用2007~2010年4年间的CALIPSO 5 km二级云数据对中国海及其周边海域层数不同的云的出现概率（COF）随年度、月份和区域的变化进行了统计分析,并将2007年、2008年的部分统计结果与MODIS数据的统计结果相比较。结果表明：在研究区域,不同年份的层数相同的云的出现概率差别小于3%,且不同年份的出现概率区域分布相近,在靠近赤道的海域高于80%,在20°N附近海域低于50%,这与MODIS数据的统计结果相一致;同一年不同月份的出现概率差异明显,但是4年都是在6、7月出现最大值,层数相同的云的出现概率随纬度变化而明显变化。     

PML偏振激光雷达定标因子实验方法确定

一台532 nm单波长的偏振米散射激光雷达用于测量大气后向散射回波信号和线性退偏振比?。为了准确获得大气气溶胶和云的退偏振特性,两个偏振通道的标定因子k必须精确确定。采用三种不同的实验方法来确定偏振激光雷达的标定因子,详细叙述了测定方法、过程、结果及误差分析。最后,将标定后的激光雷达探测结果与CALIPSO数据进行比较,进一步验证了方法的可行性。     

CALIPSO星载激光在全球海洋上空的透性统计

利用CALIPSO卫星2006年6月至2010年5月四年的5 km二级云产品数据对CALIPSO星载激光在全球海洋上空的穿透性进行统计分析,分别讨论了穿透概率随年度变化、季节变化、昼夜变化及地理位置的变动情况,同时分析了产品版本因素对分析结果造成的影响.分析表明,海洋上空的数据中探测到云层的约占72.2％,其中不透明云...     

Fast radiative transfer modeling for infrared imaging radiometry

Fast radiative transfer codes have been developed for simulating the outgoing radiance (and corresponding brightness temperature) to be measured by the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) of the space Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission. Two simple codes (FASRAD and FASAA), for which scattering is neglected, as well as an accurate code (FASDOM), accounting for scattering and absorption with the Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM), are presented. Their accuracy has been estimated with a reference code including a line-by-line model and the DOM. Simulations have shown that the accuracy is generally better than 0.3 K on the brightness temperature for clear or cloudy atmospheres. This accuracy agrees with the expected one of future IIR measurements. In addition, the impact of scattering on the brightness temperature has been evaluated for semi-transparent liquid clouds in the IIR spectral range. Especially, simulations have shown that cloud microphysics retrieval might be possible with the Brightness Temperature Difference (BTD) between two IIR bands, using the couple of wavelengths (8.7-) or (10.6-). However, scattering strongly influences the radiation for shorter wavelengths. The error on the BTD with (8.7-) can reach 4 K when scattering is neglected, leading to large uncertainties in the retrieval of droplet effective radius.     

New dust aerosol identification method for spaceborne lidar measurements

Classification is a critical step in the backscatter lidar data processing to accurately retrieve extinction and backscatter profiles of atmospheric aerosols and clouds. Different schemes, such as the probability distribution functions (PDFs) method, have been used in the cloud and aerosol classification. In this paper, we attempt to use the support vector machine (SVM) to discriminate aerosols from clouds, with a focus on dust aerosol classification in China. To demonstrate the feasibility of the SVM classifier, we chose dust storms that occurred in the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts and observed by the CALIPSO lidar in spring time 2007. The results show that the SVM can correctly identify the dust storms.     

中国地区气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征研究

本文基于星载激光雷达(CALIPSO)数据,反演得到气溶胶光学厚度(AOD).将中国地区划分为东北、华北等7个区域,对各区域不同季节的气溶胶光学厚度进行统计分析.结果显示,各区域气溶胶光学厚度差异较大,其大小与沙尘气溶胶和污染气溶胶的发生频率有较大的相关性;不同季节的气溶胶光学厚度差异较大,其中秋季最大,夏季最小.     

联合CloudSat-CALIPSO-MODIS进行云相态检测的新方法(英文)

云与生活息息相关,云参量的定量研究便显得极其重要 ,其中包括云相态的精确判识。由于传统基于单传感器的云相态识别算法都存在一定的局限性,提出了联合CloudSat-CALIPSO-MODIS多传感器进行云相态检测的新方法,提高了云相态的识别精度。利用2008年5月2日和2010年2月1日的CloudSat、CALIPSO、MODIS综合观测数据,获取了6种云相态,包括不确定云,混合云, 水云,过冷水云,冰云和晴空。结果表明协同算法可以更精确地进行云相态识别,并为数值天气预报提供条件,具有重要的科学意义。