利用受激布里渊散射在光纤中实现慢光延迟线的研究进展

综述了近几年来利用受激布里渊散射(SBS)实现慢光延迟线的研究,着重介绍了SBS慢光延迟线在获得长的延迟时间、宽的带宽和控制畸变方面所取得的新的研究成果,指出了SBS慢光延迟线研究中存在的问题及发展方向.     

基于光纤中四波混频效应的多信道波长转换性能的数值分析

高效多信道波长转换技术对于将来灵活的全光网络应用具有重要的意义。在本文中我们从数值上分析了幅度调制信号,相位调制信号,以及混合幅度调制信号和相位调制信号的多信道波长转换技术。本文同时也讨论了受激布里渊散射效应及其对于基于四波混频效应的高效波长转换技术的影响。分析结果表明差分相位调制信号（DPSK）更加适合基于四波混频效应的多信道波长转换技术,因为多信道OOK波长转换的信号将会受到无法避免的码型相关损耗效应的影响。在将来的应用中,当调制格式由传统的OOK格式部分升级为DPSK格式的时候,在多信道波长转换情况下的OOK信号对于升级的DPSK信号的影响必须要仔细考虑,并且这种影响随着OOK信道数目的增加变得更加严重。因此我们可以得出如下结论,DPSK信号更加适合于传输和多信道波长转换的需要,尤其是在长距离传输和高比特速率的系统中。     

Nanoporous Copper with Tunable Nanoporosity for SERS Applications

Nanostructured materials with designable microstructure and controllable physical and chemical properties are highly desired for practical applications in nanotechnology. In this article, it is reported that nanoporous copper with a tunable nanopore size can be fabricated by controlling the dealloying process. The influence of acid concentration and etching potential on the formation of nanoprosity is systematically investigated. With optimal etching conditions, the nanopore sizes can be tailored from ～15 to ～120 nm by controlling the dealloying time. It is found that the tunable nanoporosity leads to significant improvements in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nanoporous copper and peak values of SERS enhancements for both rhodamine 6G and crystal violet 10B molecules are observed at a pore size of ～30–50 nm. This study underscores the effect of complex three‐dimensional nanostructures on physical and chemical properties and is helpful in developing inexpensive SERS substrates for sensitive instrumentations in molecular diagnostics.     

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Here, a colloidal templating procedure for generating high‐density arrays of gold macroporous microwells, which act as discrete sites for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is reported. Development of such a novel array with discrete macroporous sites requires multiple fabrication steps. First, selective wet‐chemical etching of the distal face of a coherent optical fiber bundle produces a microwell array. The microwells are then selectively filled with a macroporous structure by electroless template synthesis using self‐assembled nanospheres. The fabricated arrays are structured at both the micrometer and nanometer scale on etched imaging bundles. Confocal Raman microscopy is used to detect a benzenethiol monolayer adsorbed on the macroporous gold and to map the spatial distribution of the SERS signal. The Raman enhancement factor of the modified wells is investigated and an average enhancement factor of 4 × 10⁴ is measured. This demonstrates that such nanostructured wells can enhance the local electromagnetic field and lead to a platform of ordered SERS‐active micrometer‐sized spots defined by the initial shape of the etched optical fibers. Since the fabrication steps keep the initial architecture of the optical fiber bundle, such ordered SERS‐active platforms fabricated onto an imaging waveguide open new applications in remote SERS imaging, plasmonic devices, and integrated electro‐optical sensor arrays.     

掺杂GaN的湿法刻蚀研究

对掺杂GaN的湿法刻蚀研究进行了总结,回顾了不同的湿法刻蚀技术,包括传统的酸碱化学刻蚀和电化学刻蚀。从掺杂GaN的生长过程、表面化学组分和光电性质出发,深入地分析了湿法刻蚀的特性,对比了不同刻蚀方法的原理和效果。考虑到p-GaN的表面氧化层比较厚,接触电阻较大,能带向下弯曲不能进行光增强湿法刻蚀,重点阐述了p-GaN的传统湿法刻蚀和n-GaN的紫外光增强湿法刻蚀技术。与传统化学刻蚀相比,光增强湿法刻蚀具有更为广阔的前景。结合GaN基半导体器件的制作,对湿法刻蚀的主要应用进行了较为详细的归纳。目前,湿法刻蚀和干法刻蚀可以有效结合。将来湿法刻蚀有希望代替干法刻蚀。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术的肺癌早期诊断研究

表面增强拉曼光谱技术是近年来快速发展的一种痕量特征标记性物质检测技术,以提高检测灵敏度为目的的表面增强拉曼光谱技术非常适合于生命科学研究。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术对肺癌患者及正常人的唾液样本进行检测,并进行光谱分析,建立了肺癌患者唾液样本的实验模型,对该模型系统分析可为肺癌诊断提供辅助依据。统计学分析效果良好,并发现了分类比较明确的特异性波段1015cm-1～1070cm-1和1250cm-1～1280cm-1。在找出的12个特征峰的基础上应用K-均值方法验证了其判别准确性,结果提示提取的12个特征峰有一定的代表性,能够代表近2000个波数的拉曼光谱图,灵敏度较特异度高,说明该方法适合预防性筛查工作。     

肿节风的表面增强拉曼光谱检测

提出一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱的中药材肿节风饮片的检测方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原硝酸银制备银溶胶,以银胶纳米粒子为增强基底测得肿节风茎切片的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。发现银胶直接作用于药材表面的SERS信号明显增强,肿节风茎切片SERS光谱中在637,1 176,1 309,1 476,1 612 cm^-1处都可观察到明显的拉曼特征峰。通过一阶导数拉曼光谱分析技术和对照品异嗪皮啶谱峰指认,可将获得的SERS峰位分别归属于吡喃酮环、甲氧基和酚羟基分子结构。研究结果表明,SERS技术可为肿节风和其他中草药的生产和质量监控提供一种快速、方便和直接的检测方法。     

Spectroscopy of Laser Plumes for Atto‐Mole and ng/g Elemental Analysis

Abstract

Two all‐optical analytical techniques are reviewed. Both are capable of highly sensitive multi‐element analysis. One is by means of resonance‐enhanced plasma spectroscopy. It minimizes the continuum background associated with laser‐induced plasmas. Relative to laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy, the signal‐to‐noise ratio is improved by orders of magnitude, thus allowing the quantitation of sodium and potassium at the single blood cell level. The other technique utilizes laser‐excited atomic fluorescence. It has been traditionally handicapped by its one wavelength–one transition specificity. We showed, however, that numerous elements could be induced to fluoresce at a single excitation wavelength of 193 nm provided that the analytes were imbedded in dense plumes, such as those produced by pulsed laser ablation. This method eliminates the continuum plasma background and sub‐ppb sensitivity was demonstrated in the analysis of aqueous lead colloids.     

A linear algorithm of the reference region model for DCE-MRI is robust and relaxes requirements for temporal resolution

Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) has utility for improving clinical diagnoses of solid tumors, and for evaluating the early responses of anti-angiogenic chemotherapies. The Reference Region Model (RRM) can improve the clinical implementation of DCE-MRI by substituting the contrast enhancement of muscle for the Arterial Input Function that is used in traditional DCE-MRI methodologies. The RRM is typically fitted to experimental results with a non-linear least squares algorithm. This report demonstrates that this algorithm produces inaccurate and imprecise results when DCE-MRI results have low SNR or slow temporal resolution. To overcome this limitation, a linear least-squares algorithm has been derived for the Reference Region Model. This new algorithm improves accuracy and precision of fitting the Reference Region Model to DCE-MRI results, especially for voxel-wise analyses. This linear algorithm is insensitive to injection speeds, and has 300- to 8000-fold faster calculation speed relative to the non-linear algorithm. The linear algorithm produces more accurate results for over a wider range of permeabilities and blood volumes of tumor vasculature. This new algorithm, termed the Linear Reference Region Model, has strong potential to improve clinical DCE-MRI evaluations.     

Brillouin scattering studies of rare gas solids

Abstract

The scattering of light by elementar excitations in the matter is results in two phenomena, discriminated by the zero wavevector frequency of the excitation: if this frequency is zero, one deals with Brillouin scattering, and with Raman scattering in the other case. Brillouin scattering results from the interaction of light with thermal excitations (acoustic phonons in a crystal) of a material, or, from a classical point of view, with density waves. Contrary to Raman scattering, the selection rules allow always the observation of at least one mode. It is a powerful technic in the study of rare gases under pressure: at ambient temperature, rare gases crystallize in the face centered cubic structure (except helium which structure was recently found to be hexagonal) and are therefore Raman and infrared inactive.

Experimental results will be reviewed on rare gases and rare gas mixtures in the fluid phase, like He-Ne and He-H₂. These results will be discussed in relation with recent measurements of the frequency of global oscillations of Jupiter.