波束赋形技术在TD-SCDMA网络优化中的应用

波束赋形技术是智能天线在TD-SCDMA系统中的主要应用之一,简要介绍了智能天线波束赋形的原理,并对比了天津地区无线设备厂家和天线厂家的权值设置的波束赋形的仿真效果。在天津TD-SCDMA系统的网络优化中,根据地域信号覆盖特点,通过修改天线权值参数、优化广播信道波速赋形效果达到了改善TD网络信号覆盖的目地。     

相干环境下LCMV自适应阵列抗干扰问题研究

相干干扰环境下,自适应阵列性能会急剧下降,常用的处理方法是空间平滑。然而,采用常规均匀空间平滑的自适应阵列对相干干扰的抑制能力较差,而且会损失阵列孔径。该文提出一种改进的相干干扰抑制方案:首先,提出了一种自适应的加权空间平滑(Weighted Spatial Smoothing, WSS)算法,它将各子阵的相关矩阵进行加权平均,可以最大程度地解相干;然后,在WSS基础上,利用线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则得到子阵波束形成器最佳权矢量;最后,提出了一种利用子阵间的相位关系对全阵做波束形成的方法。该方案大大提高了阵列对抗相干干扰的能力,同时避免了一般空间平滑后阵列的孔径损失。理论分析和仿真结果说明了方法的有效性和稳健性。     

A novel super-resolution beamforming algorithm

A novel simply-structured hybrid smart antenna system suitable to be used in ad-hoc network terminals is proposed in this letter. The super-resolution beamforming algorithm is also presented based on the system using DOA estimation results. The algorithm can switch the bea.mforming to the direction of the expected signal and get the best transmitting performance after the pre-beamforming of the Butler matrix. The shifting value formulas are presented to obtain the best SNR when there is no interfering signal and to acquire the highest Signal to Interference Ratio （SIR） as there is one interfering signal. When there are more than one interfering signals, the pre-bea.mforming feature of the Butler matrix can also suppress the interfering signals. Simulation results verified the algorithm.     

待定多线性约束最大信噪比波束形成器

在多线性约束(MLC)最小方差准则和最大信噪比准则的基础上,提出了待定多线性约束(MLCD)最大信噪比波束形成器,确定了最优增益向量,导出了最优权矢量和最大输出信号干扰噪声比的解析表达式,与多线性约束最小方差波束形成器相比,待定多线性约束最大信噪比波束形成器具有更优越的滤波性能。     

Control Strategy of True Time Delay Lines

This article presents the control of adjustable true time delays applied to an optical beamforming system. First is introduced the response of ring resonators of two and four ports and the cascade and lattice structures. The coupling factor and the phase modulation are employed as the control parameters for the adjustable group delay. The strategy of control is proposed and applied to a cascade of five ring resonators for producing wideband true time delays in the picosecond–nanosecond range with 2-GHz bandwidth and extremely low ripple. Ripples lower than 0.1% were obtained for the adjusted group delays. The proposed strategy can be simply extended if more resonators are added to increase the bandwidth of the system.     

Automatic 3D scanning surface generation for microphone array acoustic imaging

This work presents a new technique for automatically generating the 3D scanning surface for acoustic imaging using microphone arrays. Acoustic images, or maps, of sound coming from spatially distributed sources, may be generated from microphone array data using algorithms such as beamforming. Traditional 2D acoustic maps can contain errors in the near-field if the object being imaged has a 3D shape. It has been shown that using the 3D surface geometry of an object as a scanning surface for beamforming can provide more accurate results. The methods used previously to generate this 3D scanning surface have either required existing CAD (Computer-Aided Design) models of the object being acoustically imaged or have required separate equipment which is generally bulky and expensive. The new method uses one or more cameras in the array, a data projector, and structured light code to automatically generate the 3D scanning surface. This has the advantage that it is inexpensive, can be incorporated as an add-onto existing microphone arrays, has short scan time, and is capable of being extended to imaging dynamic scenes. This technique is tested using beamforming and CLEAN-SC (CLEAN based on spatial Source Coherence) algorithms for a spherical array and an Underbrink multi-arm spiral array. For sound sources located about 1.2 m from the array, the mean position errors obtained are 6 mm. This is a quarter of the diameter of the mini-speakers being used as a sound sources.     

基于智能天线技术Beamforming的WLAN产品优化方案研究

本文简要介绍智能天线技术的发展及原理,通过介绍智能天线技术Beamforming在WLAN产品的应用,提出智能天线技术的优势所在,并借此阐述智能天线可进一步改善WLAN这一公共频段的频谱使用率。     

Spatial smoothing for localized correlated sources – Its effect on different localization methods in the nearfield

The spatial smoothing (SS) technique has been proved to be effective in decorrelating coherent signals by restoring the rank of the signal covariance matrix R. Averaging the covariance matrices of subarrays of the original array, is a technique which increases the rank of the smoothed matrix R_SS. Algorithms like MUSIC or Capon, which rely on the use of the signal covariance matrix R and fail in the case of correlated sources, can be applied to scenarios with correlated sources after spatial smoothing.However, SS is most practically applied to uniformly spaced arrays or to arrays which have a translational symmetry.In addition the formulation is strictly applicable only to such farfield conditions, where the incoming waves are plane waves and the steering vectors to the sources of the different subarrays are identical. These conditions are not fulfilled in the nearfield.Spatial smoothing is now applied with an acoustic camera in the nearfield and it is shown that up to some limits this technique is applicable. Effects/limitations are studied using simulation and measurements with several Beamforming algorithms (MUSIC, Capon and Orthogonal Beamforming) are carried out.The results demonstrate the benefits of SS even in the nearfield up to some limits, which are given through the distance of the different subarrays in comparison to the spatial resolution of the Beamforming algorithm. Especially at lower frequencies SS in connection with MUSIC- or Capon-Beamforming give better resolution in comparison to D + S Beamforming.     

基于DFT插值的线性约束最小方差宽带自适应阵列

本文提出一种具有频率不变波束图的线性约束最小方差宽带自适应算法。首先给出了具有频率不变波束图的连续线阵的灵敏度函数与离散线列阵加权系数之间的关系，然后给出了使用DFT插值法求解各子带阵列权系数的方法，最后将DFT插值法应用于线性约束最小方差宽带自适应阵列。理论分析及仿真结果表明，该算法可以在实现最小方差波束形成的同时保持波束图基本不随频率变化，且该方法可以降低宽带自适应阵列的运算量。     

时延角度扩散信道中TD-SCDMA系统下行波束技术

TD-SCDMA系统最重要技术特征是智能天线技术。本文提出了基于时延和角度扩散及天线结构的时空间信道信道模型。在此基础上研究了下行链路智能天线的波束加权方法。