冲击噪声背景下基于最小均方归一化误差的波束形成算法

 本文提出一种适用于任意未知统计特性的代数拖尾冲击噪声环境下的MMSNE波束形成算法。算法利用输出信号和参考信号之间的“归一化误差”最小化来求解最优权向量。“归一化误差”定义为接收信号的瞬时自适应无穷范数归一化的形式。与基于最小分数低阶误差波束形成算法相比,MMSNE波束形成算法计算更为简单;不需要噪声特征指数的先验信息或估计;适用于更广的冲击噪声环境;具有更小的估计误差;具有更强的干扰抑制能力。     

Energy-efficient beamforming optimization for MISO communication based on reconfigurable intelligent surface

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a planar metasurface consisting of a large number of low-cost reflecting elements, has received much attention due to its ability to improve both the spectrum and energy efficiency (EE) by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. In this paper, we propose a base station (BS) beamforming and RIS phase shift optimization technique that maximizes the EE of a RIS-aided multiple-input–single-output system. In particular, considering the system circuits’ energy consumption, an EE maximization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS, under the constraints of each user’ rate requirement, the BS’s maximal transmit power budget and unit-modulus constraint of the RIS phase shifts. Due to the coupling of optimization variables, this problem is a complex non-convex optimization problem, and it is challenging to solve it directly. To overcome this obstacle, we divide the problem into active and passive beamforming optimization subproblems. For the first subproblem, the active beamforming is given by the maximum ratio transmission optimal strategy. For the second subproblem, the optimal phase shift matrix at the RIS is obtained by exploiting sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Moreover, for this case where each reflection element’s working state is controlled by a circuit switch, each reflection element’s switch value is optimized with the aid of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms.     

基于神经网络的波束形成

本文给出利用神经网络来实现智能天线的波束形成的方法。选取了适当的神经元数目，减少了训练时间。模拟输出的赋形结果与维纳(Wiener)解相吻合，并与传统算法进行性能比较，表明了该方案的有效性。     

二维频域波束形成方法

一般来讲，无论雷达或声纳从基阵接收的信号均是多维信号，本文将在二维频率域对窄带传输信号进行分析与描述，研究线列阵的波束形成问题，根据分析结果并考察了几种特例。     

纯方位目标运动分析的一种“检测前跟踪”技术

被动检测中,当目标信噪比较低时,传统的波束形成估计目标方向有较大的误差,为此我们提出一种改进的检测前跟踪技术,即直接对波束输出的方位-功率图序列做运动分析。对目标所有可能的运动路径进行时间积分,理论上与目标真实轨迹最靠近的路径将获得最大的功率累积量。本文结合纯方位目标运动分析的规律,以不降低检测性能为前提,开发了一种简化的路径搜索策略。在计算机仿真实验中,也证实了该简化搜索策略使得运算量至少降低了两个数量级。     

Cognitive Radio Dynamic Access Techniques

The ever growing demand for wireless services has placed enormous burden on valuable resources such as spectral bandwidth. This has resulted in a major rethinking in resource allocation policies culminating in an explosion of research activity in the field of Cognitive Radio (CR) towards optimum resource usage. In this tutorial paper the physical layer design and transmission techniques for CR in the context of efficient spectrum utilization are discussed. Spectrum sensing as the key element of CR awareness is described. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a spectrally efficient modulation scheme is discussed and the rationale for its use in the CR system is explained. Spectrum pooling for efficient use of spectrum is studied and the role of adaptive OFDM techniques in this method is highlighted. Wavelet basis function as a replacement of Fourier transform in OFDM is evaluated. MIMO system as an added value to the CR performance is described. Adaptive Waveform and beamforming as alternative techniques in CR are reviewed.

基于多波束系统的多目标高分辨定向新方法

本文提出一种高分辨方位估计新方法－波束最佳匹配法。利用波束输出来实现高分辨定向。该算法不受信号相干性影响,在估计角度的同时可获得对应方向的能量。该算法可作为多波束系统的一个附加模块和后继处理,不影响原系统的结构关系,估计出的结果可以与多波束系统的判决结果相互参考。仿真表明,这种方法具有较高的稳健性、较好的高分辨定向能力能力和应用前景。     

利用水平阵模态域波束形成判别声源深度*

针对近水面声源和水下声源的深度判别问题,根据近水面声源难以激发低阶模态的物理现象,研究利用声源波数谱结构和波数位置的不同来分辨近水面声源和水下声源。通过采用MVDR的谱估计方法进行模态域波束形成,补偿水平阵各阵元之间各号简正波的相位差,获得主瓣窄、旁瓣低的声源信号波数谱。波数谱的波数位置与频率呈近似线性关系,水中声速剖面、海底参数、海深都会影响波数谱的具体结构和位置。此外,声源信号的到达角估计误差同样也会影响波数谱主瓣的位置估计。数值仿真结果表明,在浅海负跃层声速剖面条件下,可利用水平阵模态域波束形成判别声源深度,区分近水面声源和水下声源。     

A simulation-based analysis of the effect of a reflecting surface on aeroacoustic time-reversal source characterization and comparison with beamforming

This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of the effect of a reflecting surface on aeroacoustic Time-Reversal (TR) source localization/characterization and compares the results of TR with those obtained using cross-spectral Conventional Beamforming (CB). The TR technique is shown to require the use of at least two line arrays of microphones to accurately characterize the nature of aeroacoustic sources. This work, however, shows that in the presence of a rigid surface, only one line array of microphones is sufficient to accurately localize and characterize idealized aeroacoustic sources. Forward simulations were carried out using the 2-D Linearized Euler Equations on a rectangular domain with a rigid bottom boundary (modeling a 2-D semi-infinite space) for the test-cases of stationary idealized tonal aeroacoustic (monopole, dipole and lateral quadrupole) sources located in a fully-developed mean shear flow field wherein the acoustic pressure time–history was stored at the computational boundaries. A set of TR simulations are implemented that show for each test-case that only the top line array is required to accurately characterize the idealized aeroacoustic sources in the presence of a reflecting bottom boundary, thereby suggesting the redundancy of acoustic pressure measurement at the rigid surface. The test-case of convecting (moving) idealized aeroacoustic source was also considered and the TR simulation using only the top line array in the presence of reflecting bottom boundary was able to accurately retrieve the source trajectory and simultaneously characterize its nature. This numerical experiment demonstrates in principle that when a rigid surface is mounted on the floor of an Anechoic Wind Tunnel, the use of only one (top) line array of microphones should be sufficient to characterize the nature and location of experimental flow-induced noise source. Acoustic source maps were also obtained using the CB method based on the Method of Images (to model the reflecting surface) and incorporation of the Ray-Tracing algorithm necessary to account for the effect of mean flow. The CB results were found to be highly comparable to those obtained using TR for the test-cases of non-convecting sources; thereby demonstrating the conceptual equivalence of the Method of Images and directly implementing the rigid-wall condition during TR for source localization/characterization.     

WCDMA中一种利用查表LMS算法的自适应阵

本文针对WCDMA中上行链路存在导频信道的特点,并结合变步长LMS算法的优点,提出了一种查表LMS波束形成算法。该算法利用导频信号作为空间波束形成的参考信号,把误差范围和相应的步长存储到列表中,在进行波束形成时所要采用的迭代步长直接在列表中查取。该算法的实现复杂度低,收敛速度快,运算量小。