Self-Assembled Monolayers of Bi-Functionalized Porphyrins: A Novel Class of Hole-Layer-Coordinating Perovskites and Indium Tin Oxide in Inverted Solar Cells

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer the advantage of facile interfacial modification, leading to significant improvements in device performance. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a new series of carboxylic acid-functionalized porphyrin derivatives, namely AC-1, AC-3, and AC-5, and present, for the first time, a strategy to exploit the large π-moiety of porphyrins as a backbone for interfacing the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and perovskite active layer in an inverted perovskite solar cell (PSC) configuration. The electron-rich nature of porphyrins facilitates hole transfer and the formation of SAMs, resulting in a dense surface that minimizes defects. Comprehensive spectroscopic and dynamic studies demonstrate that the double-anchored AC-3 and AC-5 enhance SAMs on ITO, passivate the perovskite layer, and function as conduits to facilitate hole transfer, thus significantly boosting the performance of PSCs. The champion inverted PSC employing AC-5 SAM achieves an impressive solar efficiency of 23.19 % with a high fill factor of 84.05 %. This work presents a novel molecular engineering strategy for functionalizing SAMs to tune the energy levels, molecular dipoles, packing orientations to achieve stable and efficient solar performance. Importantly, our comprehensive investigation has unraveled the associated mechanisms, offering valuable insights for future advancements in PSCs.     

In-Situ Constructing A Heterogeneous Layer on Lithium Metal Anodes for Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition and High Li-ion Flux

Constructing efficient artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is extremely vital for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a dense artificial SEI film, in which lithiophilic Zn/Li_xZn_y are uniformly but nonconsecutively dispersed in the consecutive Li⁺-conductors of Li_xSiO_y, Li₂O and LiOH, is constructed via the in situ reaction of layered zinc silicate nanosheets and Li. The consecutive Li⁺-conductors can promote the desolvation process of solvated-Li⁺ and regulate the transfer of lithium ions. The nonconsecutive lithiophilic metals are polarized by the internal electric field to boost the transfer of lithium ions, and lower the nucleation barrier. Therefore, a low polarization of ≈50 mV for 750 h at 2.0 mA cm⁻² in symmetric cells, and a high capacity retention of 99.2 % in full cells with a high lithium iron phosphate areal loading of ≈13 mg cm⁻² are achieved. This work offers new sights to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for efficient energy storage.     

Ultrathin CuF2-Rich Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Induced by Cation-Tailored Double Electrical Layer toward Durable Sodium Storage

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) seriously affects battery's cycling life, especially for high-capacity anode due to excessive electrolyte decomposition from particle fracture. Herein, we report an ultrathin SEI (3–4 nm) induced by Cu⁺-tailored double electrical layer (EDL) to suppress electrolyte consumption and enhance cycling stability of CuS anode in sodium-ion batteries. Unique EDL with SO₃CF₃-Cu complex absorbing on CuS in NaSO₃CF₃/diglyme electrolyte is demonstrated by in situ surface-enhanced Raman, Cyro-TEM and theoretical calculation, in which SO₃CF₃-Cu could be reduced to CuF₂-rich SEI. Dispersed CuF₂ and F-containing compound can provide good interfacial contact for formation of ultrathin and stable SEI film to minimize electrolyte consumption and reduce activation energy of Na⁺ transport. As a result, the modified CuS delivers high capacity of 402.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 7000 cycles without capacity decay. The insights of SEI construction pave a way for high-stability electrode.     

液体分子自扩散系数的预测

基于液体层膜结构模型提出预测液体分子自扩散系数的方程,对24种液体在较宽温度范围内作了检验,平均偏差为3.8%。同时分析了层膜结构模型中位形参数ξ随温度和物质不同而变化的规律,这对了解液体的微观结构、扩散过程的机理和阐明层膜结构模型的合理性具有重要意义。     

用InGaAs材料制作的2.6 μm光电探测器

2.6 μm In_0.82Ga_0.18As/InP P-N heterojunction photodetectors are introduced.A compositionlly graded layer is effective to accommodate the 20% lattice mismatch between the InP substrate and the In_0.82Ga_0.18As active layer of the device.The quantum efficiency is 70%～75% over the wavelength of 2.1 μm～2.6μm,with dark current of 3.5 μA at -2 V reverse bias and the room temperature.     

虚拟专用网的原理及应用

虚拟专用网 (VPN)是基于ATM、FR、IP网络的一种新的网络技术 ,是一种较新的、较合理的广域网联网方案。文中主要介绍了VPN的概念、原理及相关的网络协议 ,并对我国的信息化建设中如何应用VPN技术作了一些初步的讨论。     

基于FPGA的IEEE 1394链路层控制器的设计与实现

阐述了IEEE 1394总线的工作原理与链路层控制器的设计方案,并以Altera公司的Cyclone系列FPGA为平台,给出了IEEE 1394链路层控制器的逻辑设计、功能仿真和电路验证。实验表明,该控制器芯片达到了100Mbit/s的传输速度,符合IEEE 1394规范。     

Synthesis and Structure of ThTe2I2

The new ternary compound ThTe₂I₂, which crystallizes in the NbS₂Cl₂ structure type, was prepared from the elements and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It adopts a monoclinic layer structure where binuclear [Th₂(Te₂)₂]⁴⁺ units with square‐antiprismatically coordinated thorium are linked together by I^– anions to form sheets parallel to the (001) plane. The space group is C2/m and the lattice constants are a = 7.642(1) Å, b = 14.336(4) Å, c = 7.727(2) Å, and β = 111.27(2)° for Z = 4. The final R1/wR2 for the crystal structure refinement was 0.029/0.073.     

Phosphate Coordination to Metal-Organic Layer Secondary Building Units Prolongs Drug Retention for Synergistic Chemoradiotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy combines radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy to potentiate antitumor activity but exacerbates toxicities and causes debilitating side effects in cancer patients. Herein, we report the use of a nanoscale metal-organic layer (MOL) as a 2D nanoradiosensitizer and a reservoir for the slow release of chemotherapeutics to amplify the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. Coordination of phosphate-containing drugs to MOL secondary building units prolongs their intratumoral retention, allowing for continuous release of gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) for effective localized chemotherapy. In the meantime, the MOL sensitizes cancer cells to X-ray irradiation and provides potent radiotherapeutic effects. GMP-loaded MOL (GMP/MOL) enhances cytotoxicity by 2-fold and improves radiotherapeutic effects over free GMP in vitro. In a colon cancer model, GMP/MOL retains GMP in tumors for more than four days and, when combined with low-dose radiotherapy, inhibits tumor growth by 98 %. The synergistic chemoradiotherapy enabled by GMP/MOL shows a cure rate of 50 %, improves survival, and ameliorates cancer-proliferation histological biomarkers.     

多层结构的阴极修饰层对有机电致发光器件的性能改善

为提高有机电致发光器件（OLEDs）的阴极电子注入效率,我们设计了新型的阴极杂化修饰层,其结构为Bphen∶LiF/Al/MoO₃,将其应用到器件ITO/NPB/Alq₃/Al中,参考器件的电子注入层选用传统材料LiF。实验研究表明,与传统的阴极修饰层LiF相比,基于这种杂化结构的阴极修饰层非常有效。测试了器件的电致发光光谱（EL谱）,其峰值位于534 nm,发光来自于Alq₃,实验中我们可以观察到明亮的绿色发光。将其与传统参考器件的EL谱进行对比,在电流密度40 mA·cm-2下,两个器件的电致发光光谱是一致的。在0～100 mA·cm-2范围内,对器件的EL谱进行了测试。实验结果表明,随着电流密度的增加,器件的发光增强,但是EL谱的形状和谱峰的位置是固定不变的。与参考器件对比,基于杂化修饰层的器件的发光性能更好。研究表明,杂化修饰层的最佳参数为Bphen∶LiF(5 nm; 6%)/Al(1 nm)/MoO₃(5 nm),在测试范围内,器件的最大电流效率和最大功率效率分别为4.28 cd·A-1和2.19 lm·W-1,相比参考器件提高了25.5%和23.7%。器件的电流密度-电压特性曲线表明阴极杂化修饰层可以增强电子的注入,使器件中的载流子更加平衡,从而提高了器件的发光性能。从两个角度对器件效率的增强进行了理论方面的论证。一方面利用阴极杂化修饰层的作用机制来解释。在HML中,LiF能填充Bphen的电子陷阱,增强电流的注入,同时HML也能限制空穴的传输,减小空穴电流。另一方面从电荷平衡因子的角度,HML增强了电子的注入,使得器件的电荷平衡因子增大,空穴和电子的平衡性更好。实验研究表明,阴极杂化修饰层很好地增强了器件的效率。