Phase transition of layer structure of poly(p-benzenedithiol-co-p-diethynylbenzene) by heat or photon mode

Phase transition of the layer structure of poly(p-benzenedithiol-co-p-diethylbenzene) obtained in solid state polymerization was studied by a thermal treatment or UV irradiation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The peak intensities in the X-ray diffraction diagram of polymers gradually decreased with the thermal treatment time above 55°C. Below 50°C the layer structure of polymers hardly changed. The apparent activation energy for the phase transition was about 15 Kcal/mol [63 KJ/mol] at the initial stage and gradually decreased to a few Kcal/mol [ca. 2 KJ/mol]. UV light from a high-pressure mercury lamp also gradually induced the phase transition from the layer structure to an amorphous one. The pristine polymer possesses phase transition points at 75, 95 and 130°C. The exothermic transition at 75°C can be understood as the thermal destruction of the semistable layer structure. The exothermic transition at 95°C may be correspond to the cis → trans thermal isomerization of the C?°C bond in the polymer main chain. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of the pristine polymer differed from that of the amorphous polymer obtained by the thermal treatment of the pristine polymer. SEM photographs of the pristine polymer showed a particular surface structure, i.e. entangled fibrous material. TEM photographs of the pristine polymer exhibited a bright valley-and-hill structure, whereas that of the amorphous polymer obtained by thermal treatment exhibited a plain surface.     

W阻挡层对Al/TiSi_2/Si接触系统热稳定性的影响

用X射线衍射及I—V测量技术研究了W在Al/TiSi_2/Si接触系统中的作用,并与不加W阻挡层的情况作了比较。热稳定性的研究表明:在高达100℃退火时,W阻挡层能够阻止Al与TiSi_2的完全反应。对Al/W/TiSi_2/Si接触二极管的I—V测试表明,在480℃以内退火,势垒高度变化不大。当退火温度达500℃时,Si通过TiSi_2层扩散至W阻挡层而使之失效.     

HART协议物理层(上)

本文描述了HART协议物理层的设备类型，配置准则，以及一些特性。     

非均匀流体介质内部散射声场重建的逐层计算方法*

入射声波激励下非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的重建方法对超声层析成像具有重要意义。以往采用矩量法求解,但该方法全域离散形成的复数满秩矩阵规模随着分辨率与计算精度的提高而急剧增大,对算力具有很高的要求,一定程度上限制了其在实际中的应用。为克服上述缺陷,本文以逐层离散、逐层计算为核心思想,以声散射基本公式与近场声全息理论为基础,推导出逐层计算非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的理论公式并给出对应的几何离散模型。为验证该方法的可行性,以矩量法为参照,对同样的介质模型进行介质内部声场重构仿真。结果表明,逐层算法不仅可以有效地重建非均匀流体介质内部散射声场,且大幅度减小了求解规模。     

Turbulent boundary layer manipulation by outer-layer devices

A turbulent boundary layer manipulated by outer-layer devices has been studied. Experiments have been conducted in the 0.70 by 0.50 m² low speed wind tunnel of the Modesto Panetti Aeronautical Laboratory of the Politecnico di Torino. Mean values and turbulent quantities measured in the natural and manipulated boundary layers are shown for comparison. The mechanisms to explain the observed skin friction and turbulence reduction are discussed. The manipulator wake effect, consisting in decoupling the wall-region from the boundary layer outer-region, is stressed in the present results.

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Sommario Viene studiato uno strato limite turbolento manipolato, utilizzando la tecnica degli outer-layer devices. Gli esperimenti sono stati condotti nella galleria del vento 0.70×0.50 m² del Laboratorio di Aeronautica Modesto Panetti del Politecnico di Torino. Sono confrontati risultati relativi ai casi di flusso non manipolato e manipolato. Vengono discussi i meccanismi che conducono alla riduzione dello sforzo di attrito a parete e delle quantità turbolente; in particolare si punta l'attenzione sull'effetto decorrelante della scia del manipolatore.

     

Combining linear polarization spectroscopy and the Representative Layer Theory to measure the Beer–Lambert law absorbance of highly scattering materials

Visible and Near Infrared (Vis–NIR) Spectroscopy is a powerful non destructive analytical method used to analyze major compounds in bulk materials and products and requiring no sample preparation. It is widely used in routine analysis and also in-line in industries, in-vivo with biomedical applications or in-field for agricultural and environmental applications. However, highly scattering samples subvert Beer–Lambert law's linear relationship between spectral absorbance and the concentrations. Instead of spectral pre-processing, which is commonly used by Vis–NIR spectroscopists to mitigate the scattering effect, we put forward an optical method, based on Polarized Light Spectroscopy to improve the absorbance signal measurement on highly scattering samples. This method selects part of the signal which is less impacted by scattering. The resulted signal is combined in the Absorption/Remission function defined in Dahm's Representative Layer Theory to compute an absorbance signal fulfilling Beer–Lambert's law, i.e. being linearly related to concentration of the chemicals composing the sample. The underpinning theories have been experimentally evaluated on scattering samples in liquid form and in powdered form. The method produced more accurate spectra and the Pearson's coefficient assessing the linearity between the absorbance spectra and the concentration of the added dye improved from 0.94 to 0.99 for liquid samples and 0.84–0.97 for powdered samples.     

非联合多用户的物理层安全算法

为解决无线数字电视中多用户系统内部窃听者带来的安全威胁,提出针对多用户系统的接收非联合乘性干扰物理层安全算法。其思路是首先保证接收多用户处在非联合状态,提高用户接收的便利性。然后在对内部窃听者的接收信号进行抵消削弱的同时,引入乘性干扰对其接收质量进一步恶化。通过对接收端符号判决前后的安全性分析及仿真可知,提出的算法可以有效地提高系统安全传输速率,并且其安全性高于现有加性人工噪声方法。     

基于透传的IPv6个人区域网无线网关设计

主干网络设备和操作系统支持IPv6协议的请况下,大量的个人区域网网关仅使用IPv4地址转换的方式连接互联网,不能支持IPv6,提出一种数据链路层透传的数据包处理方式,使IPv6数据直接通过网关,减少地址转换或者中间代理的过程,实现内部网直接接入IPv6网络。经分析和实验,该设计方法在不影响IPv4使用的情况下使个人区域网内部设备顺利接入IPv6网络。     

DPMR协议呼叫控制层的研究和设计

数字专用无线电对讲机（DPMR,Digital Private Mobile Radio）协议是欧洲电信标准化协会推出的一种适用于民用数字对讲机系统的通信协议。首先,按照简化的开放系统互连（OSI,Open System Interconnection）分层模型对DPMR标准进行了简单的介绍。其次,以DPMR数字对讲机系统的呼叫控制功能为研究对象,详细叙述了系统的基本呼叫流程,并以有限状态机为基础设计出协议的状态转换过程;最后,以Visual C＋＋为平台,实现该呼叫控制方案的设计过程,并给出相关设计结果。通过结果分析,进一步验证了该呼叫控制方案的可行性。     

PCB焊点焊接缺陷原因分析

PCB焊点焊接缺陷产生的原因可能很多,如果你从扩散焊接的特点考虑就会变得明了起来！熔化的焊料原子沿着被焊接金属的结晶晶界的扩散,扩散所需要的激活能也可称为“表面自由能”比体扩散小。一般锡料的活性能约为380达因/厘米,鲜活的铜面在助焊剂的辅助下约为1265达因/厘米,所以焊接可以良好进行。