全文获取类型
收费全文 | 127994篇 |
免费 | 9556篇 |
国内免费 | 13548篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 74033篇 |
晶体学 | 1503篇 |
力学 | 3874篇 |
综合类 | 885篇 |
数学 | 13395篇 |
物理学 | 23269篇 |
无线电 | 34139篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 374篇 |
2023年 | 1542篇 |
2022年 | 2763篇 |
2021年 | 2782篇 |
2020年 | 3219篇 |
2019年 | 3143篇 |
2018年 | 2910篇 |
2017年 | 4171篇 |
2016年 | 4250篇 |
2015年 | 4069篇 |
2014年 | 5188篇 |
2013年 | 8696篇 |
2012年 | 8515篇 |
2011年 | 7673篇 |
2010年 | 6191篇 |
2009年 | 7844篇 |
2008年 | 8168篇 |
2007年 | 8786篇 |
2006年 | 8113篇 |
2005年 | 6859篇 |
2004年 | 6291篇 |
2003年 | 5230篇 |
2002年 | 6047篇 |
2001年 | 3779篇 |
2000年 | 3399篇 |
1999年 | 3065篇 |
1998年 | 2705篇 |
1997年 | 2199篇 |
1996年 | 1919篇 |
1995年 | 1787篇 |
1994年 | 1521篇 |
1993年 | 1296篇 |
1992年 | 1166篇 |
1991年 | 840篇 |
1990年 | 671篇 |
1989年 | 598篇 |
1988年 | 444篇 |
1987年 | 335篇 |
1986年 | 313篇 |
1985年 | 253篇 |
1984年 | 271篇 |
1983年 | 163篇 |
1982年 | 241篇 |
1981年 | 197篇 |
1980年 | 213篇 |
1979年 | 196篇 |
1978年 | 184篇 |
1977年 | 130篇 |
1976年 | 113篇 |
1973年 | 76篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
212.
In asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, fixed length cells of 53 bytes are transmitted. A cell may be discarded during transmission due to buffer overflow or a detection of errors. Cell discarding seriously degrades transmission quality. The quality degradation can be reduced by employing efficient forward error control (FEC) to recover discarded cells. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of decoding equipment for FEC in ATM networks based on a single parity check (SPC) product code using very‐large‐scale integration (VLSI) technology. FEC allows the destination to reconstruct missing data cells by using redundant parity cells that the source adds to each block of data cells. The functionality of the design has been tested using the Model Sim 5.7cXE Simulation Package. The design has been implemented for a 5 ° 5 matrix of data cells in a Virtex‐E XCV 3200E FG1156 device. The simulation and synthesis results show that the decoding function can be completed in 81 clock cycles with an optimum clock of 56.8 MHz. A test bench was written to study the performance of the decoder, and the results are presented. 相似文献
213.
P. R. Latthe P. S. Shinge Bharati V. Badami P. B. Patil S. N. Holihosur 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2006,118(3):249-256
3-[4-(Azidocarbonyl)]phenylsydnone (2) obtained from 3-(4-hydrazinocarbonyl) phenylsydnone (1) on Curtius rearrangement with alcohols, water and amines afforded the corresponding carbamates (3a-h), 4,4′-(sydnone-3-yl) diphenyl urea (4) and 4-(heterocyclyl)phenyl ureas (5a-l). Compounds (5a-l) on one-pot ring conversion yielded the 1,3,4-oxadiazolin-2-one derivatives (6a-l), which on reaction with N2H4 gave the 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolin-3-ones (7a-l). All these compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against the few microbes tested. The carbamates have been
found to be more toxic against fourth instar larvae ofAedes aegypti, in particular, then-butyl derivative (3e). 相似文献
214.
差分吸收光谱法测量大气痕量气体浓度误差分析及改善方法 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)中采用线性最小二乘拟合方法,用痕量气体标准差分吸收截面对测量得到的差分吸收光谱进行拟合,得出大气中痕量气体的浓度.计算结果的准确性不仅取决于光谱的测量精度,而且受标准差分吸收截面以及仪器函数和温度等诸多因素的影响.详细地分析了计算误差的产生原因,提出了用高浓度样品池得到标准吸收截面的方法,针对光谱固有结构,以及温度对标准吸收截面的影响,改进了浓度反演算法.大量的实验表明,综合运用上述方法,即便对低浓度的样气,相对测量误差也能降低到10%以下. 相似文献
215.
Admissible slopes for monotone and convex interpolation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary In many applications, interpolation of experimental data exhibiting some geometric property such as nonnegativity, monotonicity or convexity is unacceptable unless the interpolant reflects these characteristics. This paper identifies admissible slopes at data points of variousC
1 interpolants which ensure a desirable shape. We discuss this question, in turn for the following function classes commonly used for shape preserving interpolations: monotone polynomials,C
1 monotone piecewise polynomials, convex polynomials, parametric cubic curves and rational functions. 相似文献
216.
Molecular electroactive monolayers have been produced from vinylferrocene (VFC) via light-assisted surface anchoring to H-terminated n- and p-Si(1 0 0) wafers prepared via wet chemistry, in a controlled atmosphere. The resulting Si-C bound hybrids have been characterized by means of XPS and AFM. Their performance as semiconductor functionalized electrodes and their surface composition have been followed by combining electrochemical and XPS measurements on the same samples, before and after use in an electrochemical cell. White-light photoactivated anchoring at short (1 h) exposure times has resulted in a mild route, with a very limited impact on the initial quality of the silicon substrate. In fact, the functionalized Si surface results negligibly oxidized, and the C/Fe atomic ratio is close to the value expected for the pure molecular species. The VFC/Si hybrids can be described as (η5-C5H5)Fe2+(η5-C5H4)-CH2-CH2-Si species, on the basis of XPS results. Electrochemical methods have been applied in order to investigate the role played by a robust, covalent Si-C anchoring mode towards substrate-molecule electronic communication, a crucial issue for a perspective development of molecular electronics devices. The response found from cyclic voltammograms for p-Si(1 0 0) functionalized electrodes, run in the dark and under illumination, has shown that the electron transfer is not limited by the number of charge carriers, confirming the occurrence of electron transfer via the Si valence band. The hybrids have shown a noticeable electrochemical stability and reversibility under cyclic voltammetry (cv), and the trend in peak current intensity vs. the scan rate was linear. The molecule-Si bond is preserved even after thousands of voltammetric cycles, although the surface coverage, evaluated from cv and XPS, decreases in the same sequence. An increasingly larger surface concentration of Fe3+ at the expenses of Fe2+ redox centers has been found at increasing number of cv’s, experimentally associated with the growth of silicon oxide. Surface SiO− groups from deprotonated silanol termination, induced by the electrochemical treatments, are proposed as the associated counterions for the Fe3+ species. They could be responsible for the observed decrease in the electron transfer rate constant with electrode ageing. 相似文献
217.
We obtain expressions for the energy spectrum widths of Rayleigh waves corresponding to their deformational coupling to Fermi and Boltzmann electrons in a two-dimensional layer near the surface of a semibounded solid. We evaluate the nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves that depends on these widths and is caused by the same coupling to the corresponding hot electrons. We show that this energy is independent of the degeneracy degree of the electrons and is given by the mean energy of free Rayleigh waves heated up to temperature of the electrons. We find conditions under which the thermodynamics is determined by this nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves in films of a certain thickness with Fermi electrons near the surface and by the equilibrium energy of bulk phonons in thicker samples. All the results are obtained using the Keldysh diagram technique applied to the case of semibounded media. 相似文献
218.
基于地理信息系统的天津房地产管理数据库 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从地理信息系统CIS的组成开始.提出该类系统的组织与管理方法,同时重点介绍了在现阶段开发该类系统时所使用的高端技术,最后对GIS系统的发展趋势作出分析与顶测。 相似文献
219.
220.
骆雪梅 《光谱学与光谱分析》2003,23(1):178-181
量子计算机是一种以量子耦合方式进行信息处理的装置[1 ] 。原则上 ,它能利用量子相干干涉方法以比传统计算机更快的速度进行诸如大数的因式分解、未排序数据库中的数据搜索等工作[2 ] 。建造大型量子计算机的主要困难是噪音、去耦和制造工艺。一方面 ,虽然离子陷阱和光学腔实验方法大有希望 ,但这些方法都还没有成功实现过量子计算。另一方面 ,因为隔离于自然环境 ,核自旋可以成为很好的“量子比特” ,可能以非传统方式使用核磁共振 (NMR)技术实现量子计算。本文介绍一种用NMR方法实现量子计算的方法 ,该方法能够用比传统方法少的步骤解决一个纯数学问题。基于该方法的简单量子计算机使用比传统计算机使用更少的函数“调用”判断一未知函数的类别。 相似文献