A novel approach to improve operation and performance in flow field-flow fractionation

A new system design and setup are proposed for the combined use of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF5) within the same instrumentation. To this purpose, three innovations are presented: (a) a new flow control scheme where focusing flow rates are measured in real time allowing to adjust the flow rate ratio as desired; (b) a new HF5 channel design consisting of two sets of ferrule, gasket and cap nut used to mount the fiber inside a tube. This design provides a mechanism for effective and straightforward sealing of the fiber; (c) a new AF4 channel design with only two fluid connections on the upper plate. Only one pump is needed to deliver the necessary flow rates. In the focusing/relaxation step the two parts of the focusing flow and a bypass flow flushing the detectors are created with two splits of the flow from the pump. In the elution mode the cross-flow is measured and controlled with a flow controller device. This leads to reduced pressure pulsations in the channel and improves signal to noise ratio in the detectors. Experimental results of the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and of a mix of four proteins demonstrate a significant improvement in the HF5 separation performance, in terms of efficiency, resolution, and run-to-run reproducibility compared to what has been reported in the literature. Separation performance in HF5 mode is shown to be comparable to the performance in AF4 mode using a channel with two connections in the upper plate.     

基于非对称形变的全光纤宽阻滞滤波器的制作

本文提出的基于长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）的全光纤宽阻带滤波器的制做方法，基本原理是在光纤纤芯中引入周期性的非对称形变，从而使光纤纤芯的折射率发生周期性变化；提出了两种实现光纤纤芯非对称形变的方法，进而制做出阻带中心波长分别为1310nm和1550nm的全光纤宽阻带滤波器插入损耗分别小于0.8dB和1.4dB，后向反射损耗小于-70dB。这样的器件可用于提高WDM系统的隔离度。     

一种实用微波宽频带和差网络的研制

研究利用非对称多节定向耦合器形成一种十分实用的微波宽频带和差网络，设计了几个不同频段的这类微波宽频带和差网络，实验表明这些和差网络性能很好，实物已装备某雷达。     

An easy applicable method for the design of asymmetrical finline and slotline tapers

In this paper, some utilities for the developement of asymmetrical circular arc tapes are described. Basing on a polygon-approximation of characteristic impedance a method for to determine the geometrical parameters of the taper is explained. The applicability of the method presented here is proved by extensive measurements.     

Construction of a side pumped double-clad fiber using polished couplers

The paper presents a new way of side pumping double-clad fibers. Elaborated asymmetric polished couplers are presented. By using these couplers in pumping power set-ups of double-clad fiber very good pumping efficiency a very good efficiency was attained. The experimental and numerical optimizations of designed couplers are presented.     

Optical design for enhanced prism type fingerprint scanner image contrast with asymmetrical aspheric lens

The design of optical prism fingerprint scanner with aspheric lens is researched. We propose a modified structure for optical prism fingerprint scanner, which has an asymmetrical aspheric lens on the output plane. It is numerically shown under elliptic valley similar fingerprint model that the optical image qualities of such a scanner are better than the scanner with symmetrical aspheric lens. When the fingerprint range is 15 mm, the results show that the minimum image contrast is 0.49 for an optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens, much better than a symmetrical aspheric lens with 0.20. The relative illumination variation is from 0.62 to 1.00 for optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens, and for the symmetrical aspheric lens it is 0.35 to 1.00. We conclude that an optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens is better than an optical prism with symmetrical aspheric lens.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

氮氧自由基中的多光子化学反应(Ⅰ)

在不同光源照射下,作者利用乙基亚硝基有机化合物在乙醇溶剂下,产生双光子的化学反应,用电子自旋共振吸收谐振腔为反应器.在不同的流速下,生成3种同分异构自由基.其结构由电子自旋共振光谱确定、微观的氢键跳动频率由不同波形的氮核超精细偶合常数的变化而确定、利用Charm软件计算,确定β-氢超精细偶合常数的意义及其几何形状.     

Experimental study of the effect of propellant asymmetrical distribution on anode current in a Hall effect thruster

This paper experimentally evaluated the effect of the disruption of the symmetrical distribution of the propellant on the characteristics of the anode current. The change in the asymmetry degree of the propellant distribution is achieved by supplying gas with a dual-cavity gas distributor. The results show that as the asymmetry degree increases, the magnitude of the anode current changes monotonically from a slow growth to a rapid growth, while the peak-to-peak value of the anode current exhibits a non-monotonic behavior. A preliminary analysis shows that the asymmetrical distribution of the propellant causes a nonuniform plasma generation along the azimuthal direction and consequently the appearance of an azimuthal electric field. The effect of the azimuthal electric field on the electron azimuthal drift as well as the induction of the electron axial drift are key factors that account for the change of the anode current and its oscillation.     

Influence of periodic excitation on self-sustained vibrations of one disk rotors in arbitrary length journals bearings

Interaction of forced and self-sustained vibrations of one disk rotor is described by nonlinear finite-degree-of-freedom dynamical system. The shaft of the rotor is supported by two journal bearings. The combination of the shooting technique and the continuation algorithm is used to study the rotor periodic vibrations. The Floquet multipliers are calculated to analyze periodic vibrations stability. The results of periodic motions analysis are shown on the frequency response. The quasi-periodic motions are investigated. These nonlinear vibrations coexist with the periodic forced vibrations.